顺层长钻孔超高压水力割缝增透技术研究与应用  

Study and Application of Antireflection Technology for Ultra-high Pressure Hydraulic Slitting of Long Bedding Borehole

作　　者：张永将 孟贤正[1,2] 季飞 ZHANG Yongjiang;MENG Xianzheng;JI Fei(CCTEG Chongqing Research Institute,Chongqing 400037,China;State Key Laboratory of the Gas Disaster Detecting,Preventing and Emergency Controlling,Chongqing 400037,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400037 [2]瓦斯灾害监控与应急技术国家重点实验室,重庆400037

出　　处：《矿业安全与环保》2018年第5期1-5,11,共6页Mining Safety & Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0804206);安全生产重大事故防治关键技术科技项目(yangqi-0006-2017AQ);重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项项目(cstc2017shmsA90008);中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2018MS011)

摘　　要：为解决低渗透性中硬煤层顺层钻孔抽采半径影响范围较小、抽采效果较差等问题,研究了工作面顺层长钻孔超高压水力割缝技术。通过应力波效应研究了水射流破煤机理,分析了超高压水力割缝卸压增透原理,研制出工作压力达100 MPa的超高压水力割缝成套装置,实现了超高压状态下不退出钻杆的钻割一体化工艺和远程操作功能,考察了超高压水力割缝参数,形成了顺层钻孔超高压水力割缝工艺技术。现场试验得出:割缝钻孔平均单刀出煤量为0.32 t,等效割缝半径达1.51～2.08 m;割缝后钻孔瓦斯抽采浓度同比提高了1.44倍,瓦斯抽采纯流量提高了3倍,有效抽采半径为对比普通钻孔的3.6倍,钻孔施工时间缩短约30%,抽采达标时间缩短40%左右。应用表明,采用超高压水力割缝增透技术后,煤层的透气性明显改善,达到了快速卸压增透的目的。In view of the problem that occur in the bedding borehole of hard coal seam in low permeability,such as the range of extraction radius is small and the extraction effect is poor,this paper studied the technique of ultra-high pressure hydraulic slitting of long bedding borehole in the working surface,the mechanism of coal breaking by water jet was studied by stress wave effect,the principle of pressure relief and antireflection of ultra-high pressure hydraulic slitting was analyzed.A complete set of ultra-high pressure hydraulic slitting equipment with working pressure up to 100 MPa was developed.The integrated drilling and slotting technology that not out of drill pipe and remote operation function under the super high pressure condition were realized,the parameters of ultra-high pressure hydraulic slitting were investigated,and the technology of ultrahigh pressure slitting was developed.The results of field test show that the average amount of coal produced by single cutting hole is 0.32 t,the equivalent slit radius is from 1.51 m to 2.08 m.The gas extraction concentration in borehole after slitting increased by 1.44 times and the net gas extraction flow increased by 3 times,the effective extraction radius is 3.6 times of the contrast borehole.The construction time of borehole is shortened by about 30%,and the standard time of extraction is shortened by about 40%.The application shows that the permeability of coal seam can be improved obviously by the application of antireflection technology for ultra-high pressure hydraulic slitting,which achieves the purpose of rapid pressure relief and antireflection.

关 键 词：瓦斯抽采 超高压水力割缝 钻割一体化 割缝工艺 煤层透气性 卸压增透 

分 类 号：TD712.6[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]