淮北地区机械化种植方式对不同生育类型优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Mechanical Planting Methods on Yield and Quality of Japonica Rice with Good Taste and Different Growth Durations in Huaibei Region

作　　者：韩超 许方甫 卞金龙 徐栋 裘实 赵晨 朱盈 刘国栋 张洪程 魏海燕 HAN Chao;XU Fang-Fu;BIAN Jin-Long;XU Dong;QIU Shi;ZHAO Chen;ZHU Ying;LIU Guo-Dong;ZHANG Hong-Cheng;WEI Hai-Yan(Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in Yangtze Valley,Ministry of Agriculture/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2018年第11期1681-1693,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300503);江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2016344);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-27);扬州大学拔尖人才计划;江苏省农业三新工程(SXGC[2017]294)资助~~

摘　　要：为探明淮北地区不同机械化种植方式对优质食味粳稻产量及品质的影响,以中熟中粳品种南粳2728和南粳505,迟熟中粳品种南粳9108和南粳3818为材料,研究毯苗机插和机械直播两种种植方式对水稻产量及其构成因素、茎蘖动态、叶面积指数、干物质积累及比例、加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮食味品质、营养品质和RVA谱特征值的影响。结果表明,相同品种,与机械直播比,毯苗机插产量显著提高,因为毯苗机插条件下群体结构合理,穗数适宜,茎蘖成穗率高,中后期叶面积指数大,叶面积衰减率低,从而其抽穗后干物质积累量和比例高。毯苗机插种植方式下的糙米率、精米率和整精米率分别增加2.3%～3.1%、1.2%～2.7%和1.8%～3.2%,但垩白有所增加。同时营养和蒸煮食味品质中的蛋白质含量提高而直链淀粉含量降低,胶稠度变长,增加了淀粉RVA谱特征值中峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值,减小消减值,除南粳2728外,最终黏度也均提高。相同种植方式下,与迟熟中粳比,中熟中粳产量极显著提高,是因为其抽穗期和成熟期提前,灌浆结实期日均温度、抽穗后30 d日均温度平均分别提高1.07°C和1.18°C,所以其各生育期叶面积指数高,结实期叶面积衰减率低,抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量和比例高。中熟中粳精米率和整精米率显著提高,垩白有所提高,蛋白质含量提高,直链淀粉含量降低1.5%～5.1%,胶稠度变长7.0～16.7mm,峰值黏度和崩解值提高,最终黏度和消减值降低。因此,淮北地区选择中熟中粳优质食味粳稻品种并配套毯苗机插方式是实现粳稻优质、高产和温光资源高效利用最佳生产模式。An experiment in Huaibei Region was conducted using two types of rice with different growth durations including medium-maturing medium japonica rice(MMMJ)Nanjing 2728 and Nanjing 505 and late-maturing medium japonica rice(LMMJ)Nanjing 9108 and Nanjing 3818 with two treatments of mechanical transplanting with carpet seeding(MC)and mechanical direct seeding(MD)to measure yield,number of population stem and tiller,leaf area index(LAI),the amount and rate of dry matter accumulation,processing quality,appearance quality,cooking and eating quality,nutritional quality,and RVA profile characteristics.For the same cultivars,the yield under MC was significantly higher than those under MD.The rational population structure,suitable panicle numbers,high percentage of productive tiller,high LAI in the middle and later periods,and low decay rate of LAI resulted in the higher amount and rate of dry matter accumulation under MC.The brown rice rate,milled rice rate and head milled rice rate under MC were 2.3%–3.1%,1.2%–2.7%,and 1.8%–3.2%higher than those under MD,but the chalkiness under MC was enhanced,meanwhile,cooking,eating,and nutritional quality,and protein content were higher,amylose content was lower,gel consistency was longer,peak viscosity,trough viscosity and breakdown value were higher,setback was lower,final viscosity under MC was higher than under MD except Nanjing 2728.For the same planting methods,the yield of MMMJ was significantly higher than that of LMMJ,Because the time of heading and maturity in MMMJ was earlier than that in LMMJ.And the mean daily temperature,and mean daily temperature over 30 days after heading of MMMJ were increased by 1.07°C and 1.18°C respectively.Therefore,MMMJ in LAI at each growth stage was higher,decay rate of LAI was lower,the amount and rate of dry matter accumulation during the period from heading to maturity were higher.Compared with LMMJ,MMMJ in milled rice rate and head milled rice rate were significantly higher,the chalkiness was increased a little bit,protein content w

关 键 词：淮北地区 机械化种植 优质食味粳稻 产量 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]