基于改进综合水质指数法的水库水质特征分析  

Analysis on Water Quality of Reservoirs Based on Improved Integrated Water Quality Index Method

作　　者：王琳[1,2] 孙艺珂 祁峰 WANG Lin;SUN Yike;QI Feng(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China;Key Liboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao,Shandong 266100,China;School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Ji’nan,Shandong 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2018年第4期174-180,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目"山东引黄饮用水水质安全评价及影响溯源方法的研究"(2016GSF117018)

摘　　要：[目的]对引黄水库水质状况进行分析,提供一种合理有效且有利于比较并适于在水库水质评价中推广的方法。[方法]以山东省滨州市滨城区东海和西海水库为研究对象,以水污染指数(WPI值)为分项指数,以超标倍数法、主成分法和层次分析法进行组合赋权,建立了引入水质标识指数法的改进型综合水质指数(WPSPNQI)评价方法,并对2011年4月至2014年4月时段内两座水库进、出口4个监测断面水质数据进行计算,分析水库水质的总体污染状况及时空变化特征。[结果](1)滨城区水库水质多为Ⅰ类或Ⅱ类水体,总体水质状况较好;(2)在研究期限内,Ⅰ类水体的比例有所增加,但部分污染因子没有得到相应改善;(3)从空间分布特征来看,两座水库的水质差距较小,其出口水质明显优于进口,水库具有一定的自净能力。[结论]经与其他水库水质评价方法对比,改进型综合水质指数(WPSPNQI)评价方法在数据处理、权重赋值等方面都较为优越,评价结果可靠。[Objective]Analyzing water quality of the Yellow River reservoirs in order to provide a method that is reasonable and effective in reservoir water quality evaluation,and conducive to the comparison of water quality and generalization of it.[Methods]An improved integrated water quality index(WPSPAQI)method was applied to evaluate the water quality in Donghai and Xihai Reservoirs of Binzhou City,Shandong Province based on the water quality data of four monitoring sections from April,2011 to April,2014.Firstly,the water pollution index(WPI)value was used to choose proper sub-index.Secondly,the exceeding standard multiple method,principal component analysis and analytic hierarchy process method were used to determine the weight values.Thirdly,the water quality index(WQI)was introduced and the improved method WPSPAQI was used to analyze the overall state of water pollution,of which include the temporal and spatial characteristics.[Results]①Most of the water body met the standards of classⅠ-Ⅱand the general water quality in the given period was good.②The proportion of water quality in classⅠgradually increased,but some pollution factors had not been correspondingly improved.In spatial variation,the difference of water quality between the two reservoirs was small.③It also showed that the reservoirs have a certain self-purification ability,since the water quality of the inlet was better than that of the outlet.[Conclusion]Compared with other assessment methods of the reservoir water quality,the improved WPSPAQI method is more reliable in the aspect of data processing and weight determination.

关 键 词：改进的综合水质指数(WPSPNQI) 水污染指数(WPI) 组合赋权 水质标识指数(WQI) 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]