沈阳地区春玉米不同生育阶段热量指数变化特征  

Variation Characteristics of Heat Index of Spring Maize in Different Growth Periods in Shenyang

作　　者：慕臣英[1,2] 纪瑞鹏 殷红[3] 张郁[1] 李娟[4] 徐全辉 张思瑶[1] MU Chenying;JI Ruipeng;YIN Hong;ZHANG Yu;LI Juan;XU Quanhui;ZHANG Siyao(Shenyang Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110168,China;Institute of Atmospheric Environment,CMA,Shenyang 110016,China;Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110166,China;Kangping Meteorological Bureau of Liaoning Province,Kangping 110500,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省沈阳市气象局,辽宁沈阳110168 [2]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [3]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110166 [4]辽宁省康平县气象局,辽宁康平110500

出　　处：《干旱气象》2018年第5期828-834,共7页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金项目"辽宁省玉米不同生育阶段农业气候资源评价模型研究"(2017SYIAE08);沈阳市气象局项目"基于RS和GIS的沈阳春播期土壤水分精细化监测应用"(2018SXB011)共同资助

摘　　要：利用模糊数学的隶属函数计算1960—2016年沈阳地区春玉米各生育阶段的热量指数,并对其时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:沈阳地区春玉米抽雄—乳熟期热量指数最高,变异系数最小,其次是出苗—七叶期,播种—出苗期和七叶—拔节期热量指数最低,变异系数最大。近57 a沈阳春玉米除乳熟—成熟期热量指数略有下降,其他生育阶段及全生育期均呈不同程度的升高趋势,其中热量指数最低的播种—出苗期和七叶—拔节期升高趋势较为明显。空间上,除乳熟—成熟期热量指数北部高于南部外,其他发育期北部均不同程度低于南部;热量指数偏低的北部法库、康平地区,近57 a来热量指数升高趋势较明显,特别是七叶—拔节期,未来温度变化对沈阳北部地区该时期春玉米生长影响具有正效应,利于春玉米生长发育。Based on the daily observation data of spring maize in the whole growth periods and temperature at 5 weather stations in Shenyang of Liaoning Province from 1960 to 2016,the heat index models of spring maize in different growth periods were established according to the membership function in fuzzy mathematics.And on this basis the spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics of spring maize heat index were investigated.The results show that the heat index of spring maize was highest with small fluctuation at the tasseling to milk ripe stage,followed by the seeding to seven-leaf stage,while that was lowest with big fluctuation at the sowing to seeding stage and seven-leaf to jointing stage in Shenyang.The heat index of spring maize at milk ripe to mature stage appeared a slight decreasing trend,while that appeared an increasing trend with different levels in other growth stages in Shenyang from 1960 to 2016,but the change trend at milk ripe to mature stage and seven-leaf to jointing stage passed the significance test with 0.05 level.The increasing trend was more obvious at the sowing to seeding stage and seven-leaf to jointing stage.Spatially,there was significant difference of heat index in northern and southern Shenyang.The heat index was high in the north and low in the south at milk ripe to mature stage,while that generally increased from the north to the south in other growth stages.The heat index in different growth stages was low in Kangping and Faku of northern Shenyang,but its increasing trend was more obvious,especially at seven-leaf to jointing stage,which had a positive effect on the growth process of spring maize and would be beneficial to the growing of spring maize in the future.

关 键 词：春玉米 发育期 热量指数 变化特征 

分 类 号：P422[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]