十八世纪在广州的法国商人和外交官  

The French Merchants and Diplomatic Officers in Canton during the Eighteenth Century

作　　者：耿昇[1] Geng Sheng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2015年第2期87-103,共17页Studies of Maritime History

摘　　要：法国人并不具有从事海外贸易的特殊天赋,但这并不能阻止他们之中的某些人在地理大发现时代,试图跻身葡萄牙人、荷兰人、意大利人和英国人等热衷的海外贸易竞争的大游戏中。其中有些法国人幸运地获得了某些成功,但大部分人无所收获,其美好的幻想破灭。法国与远东进行商业交流的四个世纪,是以失望和沮丧为标志的,但法国人并未由此吸取失败的教训。直到17世纪中叶,法国靠近大西洋和英吉利海峡的圣马洛(Saint-Malo)和迪耶普(Dieppe)等沿海地区的寥寥数位船东,才敢于冒险进入“香料之路”。法国似乎无可挽回地要成为陆地的、欧洲的和地中海的国家。法国那些最为雄心勃勃的政界和财界人物也始终对远征远东持怀疑态度。甚至到1658年,像巴黎外方传教会的远东祖师陆方济(Fran ois Pallu,1626-1684)那样的司铎,还曾经写道:“尽管人们赴华旅行的主要目的是为了上帝的荣誉和归化灵魂,但我们也不应忽略,应该再加入最有益的一项目的,这就是使人认识到在那里可以获得百分之三百的经济利润。The business activities of France in the Far East and Canton were later than those of several European colonial powers at sea.Until 1664,the French East India Company was established by the king of France s support,which was the fourth East India Company founded by the Europeans.In 1698 and 1699,French merchant ship,Amphitrite,sailed first to China and opened the direct maritime trade between China and France.After then the French firms,merchants,managers and diplomatic officers established themselves in Canton,the results of development was gloomy in the early stages.Despite the rejection by the British and Dutch,later the Frenchman was active in the Thirteen-hongs of Canton.

关 键 词：法国人 外交官 商人 广州 贸易竞争 地理大发现 英吉利海峡 沿海地区 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]