倭寇与海防:明代山东都司、沿海卫所与巡检司  

Wokou and Coastal Defense:A Case Study of Guards,Battalions and Military Inspectorates in Shandong in Ming China

作　　者：马光[1,2] Ma Guang

机构地区：[1]比利时根特大学 [2]奥地利萨尔茨堡大学

出　　处：《海洋史研究》2016年第1期282-325,共44页Studies of Maritime History

基　　金：加拿大社会科学与人文研究委员会(Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada)与比利时根特大学(Ghent University)资助的大型国际跨学科研究项目“The Indian Ocean World:The Making of the First Global Economy in the Context of Human-Environment Interaction”的子项目“East Asian Mediterranean”(http://indianoceanworldcentre.com/Team_3)的阶段研究成果之一

摘　　要：元末明初,山东地区频遭倭寇侵掠,沿海居民多受其扰,苦不堪言。倭患不但对山东的军事、经济和社会有着重要影响,而且对明朝与日本、朝鲜的外交、军事、经贸活动有深远影响。从区域研究上看,嘉靖大倭患主要发生在南方沿海,因而学者们对粤、闽、江浙等地的倭患非常重视,但忽略了北方沿海的倭患情况。事实上,明初山东沿海的倭患非常严重,以至于明太祖在继位之初,第二次派遣使者去日本时,在国书中明确提及山东倭患,要求日本政府配合镇压。明代山东哪些地区遭遇了怎样的倭患?沿海又是如何应对倭寇来袭?山东海防体系有哪些特殊性?这些都是亟待研究的问题。As early as in the Zhiyuan reign(1335-1340)in the Yuan dynasty,the coastal regions of the Shandong Peninsula had been raided by wokou.Wokou s raiding activities became more frequent and serious during the Hongwu and Yong reigns(1368-1424)in early Ming times.Wokou not only burned houses and plundered grain and treasures,but also harmed,kidnapped and even killed people,which had a very bad influence on coastal residents,and also diplomatic relations,trade and military in Northeast Asia.In order to fight wokou,both the central and Shandong local governments had to fortify and strengthen the coastal defense in Shandong.Although the military system in Shandong was similar to that of the whole China,it has several distinguishing features,which provide us with a good case to understand more details of local military system in Ming China.

关 键 词：山东地区 北方沿海 明代 海防 巡检 日本政府 区域研究 山东沿海 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]