不同种植年限对设施蔬菜土壤及基质质量的影响  

Effects of the soil and substrate quality of facility vegetables in different planting years

作　　者：周海霞 兰挚谦 韩泽宇[1] 刘吉青 张雪艳[1] ZHOU Haixia;LAN Zhiqian;HAN Zeyu;LIU Jiqing;ZHANG Xueyan(School of Agriculture Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2018年第5期703-709,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460531);十三五自治区重点研发计划重大项目(2016BZ0902);十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD05B02);吴忠国家园区专项项目(2016BN05);自治区科技创新领军人才培养项目(KJT2017001)

摘　　要：为探讨种植年限对设施蔬菜土壤及基质质量的影响,分别选取0,1,3,7年的土壤和基质,分析其养分、土壤微生物和酶活性的变化,综合评价设施蔬菜土壤及基质随种植年限质量的演变状况。结果表明,土壤pH、有机质和C/N值随年限增加呈降低趋势,7年有机质和pH含量最低;不同年限间土壤全氮和EC无显著差异,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾随种植年限增加呈增加趋势;土壤酶活性和微生物数(除真菌外)均先增加后降低,7年真菌数量最高;基质全氮含量随种植年限的增加而降低,原始基质EC为2. 13 m S·cm^(-1),当种植作物后,基质EC值迅速下降至1年后,无显著变化,基质细菌、微生物总数和放线菌/真菌值都呈现先增加后降低的趋势,均在种植1年时最高,分别比原始基质高0. 85,0. 47和3. 14倍。综合质量分数表明,基质质量随种植年限增加逐渐降低,种植4年后下降速度变慢,土壤质量先提升后降低,种植达4年时土壤质量最好,4年后有下降趋势。The aim of planting years impact on the soil and substrate quality of facility vegetables.Respectively,trails selected soil and substrate for 0,1,3,and 7 years.To evaluate the evolution of facility vegetable soil and substrate with the planting age.The results showed that soil pH,organic matter and C/N values decreased with the planting age.In addition,the organic matter and pH were the lowest in 7 years.There was no significances difference in soil total nitrogen and EC between different years.The trends of soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were same with the planting years.The substrate total nitrogen content decreased with the increasing of planting years.Original matrix EC was 2.13 mS·cm-1 and no significances change after the rapidly decline with planting crops.Substrate of the total number bacteria,total microorganisms and B/F values increased firstly then decreased and highest at 1 year planting.They higher than the original matrix of 0.85,0.47 and 3.14 times respectively.The comprehensive quality score indicated that the substrate quality gradually decreases with the increase of planting years,the decline rate slowed down after 4 years.The soil quality was the best which planted 4 years,decreasing before increasing.

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 种植年限 土壤 基质 

分 类 号：S626.5[农业科学—园艺学]