纤维素、秸秆和木屑对农田土壤硝化作用及微生物的影响  

Effects of cellulose,straw and sawdust on soil nitrification and microorganisms in farmland

作　　者：潘彦硕 朱清禾[2] 李聪 王幽静 吴坤[1] 李烜桢[4] 张世敏[1] 吴宇澄[2] PAN Yanshuo;ZHU Qinghe;LI Cong;WANG Youjing;WU Kun;LI Xuanzhen;ZHANG Shimin;WU Yucheng(College of Life Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Zhengzhou Meteorological Bureau,Zhengzhou 450002,China;College of Forestry,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学生命科学学院,河南郑州450002 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [3]郑州市气象局,河南郑州450002 [4]河南农业大学林学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2018年第5期785-792,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41671266);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(30601150)

摘　　要：采用微宇宙试验方法,研究了纤维素(CL)、秸秆(ST)和木屑(SD)单独及分别与尿素配施处理(CL-N、STN和SD-N)对土壤硝化作用的影响,并结合高通量测序,探究不同处理中土壤细菌群落结构的变化。结果表明,这些处理中铵态氮含量、硝态氮积累量和细菌群落结构均发生了变化。0～14 d时纤维素、秸秆和木屑处理可溶性铵态氮含量显著降低; 14 d后纤维素、秸秆和木屑处理硝态氮积累量显著低于对照(CK),纤维素+尿素(CLN)、秸秆+尿素(ST-N)和木屑+尿素(SD-N)处理硝态氮积累量显著低于单加尿素处理(CK-N)。56 d时CLN处理中土壤细菌群落Chao 1和Obs指数较高,且CL和CL-N处理细菌群落结构变化最大;与CK相比,Nitrosospira(亚硝化螺菌属)、Nitrosococcus(亚硝化球菌属)、Nitrososphaera和Nitrospira(硝化螺菌属)在不同处理中都是负响应;群落多重比较分析表明,CK处理会显著富集一些硝化微生物,CL、ST和SD处理显著富集纤维素降解菌,而CL-N、ST-N和SD-N均富集有慢生根瘤菌。综上可知,纤维素、秸秆和木屑能有效滞留氮素,减少土壤氮素损失,改变土壤微生物群落结构。In order to investigate the effects of different treatments on soil nitrification and soil bacterial communities,a microcosm experiment was conducted combining with high-throughput sequencing in situ for 56 days.Cellulose(CL),straw(ST),sawdust(SD)individual and their complex with urea were used to treat the soil collected from.The results indicated that the treatments had a significant effect on the ammonium nitrogen content,nitrate nitrogen accumulation,and bacterial community in soil.At 0~14 days treatment,the content of soluble ammonium nitrogen in cellulose(CL),straw(ST)and sawdust(SD)treated soil was decreased significantly.After 14 days,the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soils treated with cellulose,straw and sawdust was significantly lower than that of control(CK),and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in cellulose+urea(CL-N),straw+urea(ST-N),and sawdust+urea(ST-N)treatment were significantly lower than that of single plus urea treatment(CK-N).After 56 days,the Chao 1 and Obs index were higher in CL-N treatment,and the bacterial community of CL and CL-N treatment changed the most.Compared with CK,Nitrosospira,Nitrosococcus,Nitrososphaera and Nitrospira were negatively responsive in different treatments.Multiple comparison analysis of the community showed that CK significantly enriched some nitrifying microorganisms,and CL,ST,and SD treatments significantly enriched some cellulose-degrading bacteria,while CL-N,ST-N and SD-N enriched rhizobium.In summary,cellulose,straw and sawdust can effectively retain nitrogen,reducing soil nitrogen loss and change soil microbial communities.

关 键 词：纤维素 秸秆 木屑 土壤微生物 硝化作用 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]