马克思“农业公社”思想放弃论之我见  

My Thoughts on the “Agricultural Commune”: A Marxian Concept

作　　者：宋培军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所,编审1000732

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2018年第4期27-37,158,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：中国社会科学院中国边疆研究所重点课题"唯物史观与中国边疆理论研究"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：马克思"农业公社"思想放弃论,是沈斌提出的观点。"农业公社"概念并不是马克思本人在给查苏利奇复信草稿中的创造,马克思明确说它是"通常称"。考察该信法文手稿以及随后恩格斯的相关论述,马克思对"农业公社"的界定与恩格斯对"农户公社"的界定完全一致,马克思"农业公社"概念放弃论不仅没有经典文本依据,而且完全无视"农业公社"与"农村公社"尽管名称不同,但其对象却可以是"俄罗斯公社"这一基本事实。该信以及其他著作显示,在剔除家庭公社类型之后,马克思、恩格斯所确立的"原始公社"(氏族公社)、"农业公社"、"新公社"这一发展序列在东西方具有一般道路的普遍性,"农业公社"作为"亚细亚公社"的一种形式而存在,是"亚细亚的基本形式"即统一体的基础和补充。沈斌把"农业公社"作为"亚细亚的基本形式",不是马克思的思想。Scholars such as Shen Bin have argued that Karl Marx has given up on using the concept of the"agricultural commune"in his later works. Yet,it was not Karl Marx who invented this concept in his letter to Vera Zasulich,as he specifically noted that this concept was "commonly adopted. "With an examination of the French manuscripts and the subsequent works by Engels on this issue,this paper argues that Marx's definition on the "agricultural commune"is exactly in line with Engels' definition of the "rural commune. "Thus,classical text counters the argument that Marx gave up the concept of the "agricultural commune,"for this argument totally neglects the fact that despite the differences in names,both the"agricultural commune" and the "rural commune" register the same phenomenon,the "Russian commune. "Along with other works,this letter indicates that with the exception of the family commune,the development from the"primitive commune,"the"agricultural commune,"to the"new commune"is a universal path regardless of the East and the West,among which the "agricultural commune"remains a variation of the "Asiatic commune," a supplement to the "Asiatic mode. " Shen Bin regards the"agricultural commune"as the basic"Asiatic mode. "It is an argument contradictive to Marx's own ideas.By contrast,Engels tends to treat the agricultural commune as a variation of the rural commune,and thus further confirms the lasting impact of the primitive society at this early stage of development.

关 键 词：马克思 农业公社 农村公社 原始公社 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]