用于混凝土表面放射性沾染清除的剥离型膜材料研究  

Study on Strippable Membrane Material Used for Radioactive Decontamination on Concrete Surface

作　　者：王静 李坚 汪剑辉 郑力 李浪涛 WANG Jing;LI Jian;WANG Jianhui;ZHENG Li;LI Langtao(Research Institute for National Defense Engineering of Academy of Military Science PLA China,Luoyang 471023;Henan Key Laboratory of Special Protective Materials,Luoyang 471023;Unit.92351,Sanya 572016)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院国防工程研究院,洛阳471023 [2]特种防护材料河南省重点实验室,洛阳471023 [3]部队,三亚572016,392351

出　　处：《材料导报》2018年第20期3673-3676,共4页Materials Reports

基　　金：河南省科技创新杰出人才计划资助项目(154200510029)。

摘　　要：制备了一种适用于混凝土表面放射性沾染清除的剥离型膜材料,单次去污率高达91.98%以上。采用常见成膜乳液中的水性纯丙乳液、水性醋丙乳液和水性橡胶乳液进行基础配方实验,得出三种乳液的最佳复配质量比为5∶3∶2,此时复配乳液对放射性铀尘的去污率为81.68%。在此配方的基础上,研究了表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和络合剂EDTA-2Na的掺杂量对材料去污性能的影响规律。结果表明:表面活性剂SDBS能通过降低表面张力、增溶等作用提高材料的去污率,当SDBS的质量分数控制在5%时去污率最高达到87.25%,相比于基础配方单次去污率的增幅为6.8%;适量的EDTA-2Na能通过与核素形成金属螯合物来增加去污率,EDTA-2Na的质量分数控制在0.5%～1.0%时材料的去污率最优,达到91.98%～92.23%。A novel strippable membrane material with single decontamination efficiency of over 91.98%was prepared for ra-dioactive decontamination on the concrete surface.Three basic emulsions,water-based pure acrylic emulsion,vinegar acrylic emulsion and rubber latex emulsion,were selected from the common film-forming emulsion for the recombination experiment.Experiments show that the optimal mass ratio of the three emulsions is 5∶3∶2,and the decontamination efficiency of the emulsion to radioactive uranium dust is 81.68%.The influences of the doping amount of surfactant SDBS and complexing agent EDTA-2Na on the material decontamination performance were studied.The results show that the surfactant SDBS can improve the decontamination performance of the material by reducing the surface tension and increasing the solubility.When the mass fraction of SDBS is controlled at 5%,the decontamination efficiency reaches up to 87.25%,which increases by 6.8%compared with the basic allocation.Moderate EDTA-2Na can increase the decontamination performance by forming metal chelates.When the mass fraction of EDTA-2Na is controlled at 0.5%-1.0%,the decontamination rate of the material is optimal,reaching 91.98%-92.23%.

关 键 词：剥离型膜材料 放射性沾染 去污率 水性乳液 

分 类 号：X591[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]