基于气候信封模型的上海近55年园林树木引种动态变化  

Introduction Dynamics of Landscape Trees in Shanghai during the Recent 55 Years Based on Climatic Envelope Model

作　　者：张德顺[1,2,3,4,5,6] 刘鸣 Zhang Deshun;Liu Ming

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系 [2]同济大学高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 [3]IUCN-SSC [4]中国植物学会 [5]上海市植物学会 [6]中国风景园林学会园林植物与古树名木专业委员会

出　　处：《中国园林》2018年第10期118-123,共6页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“应对气候变化的园林植物选择机制研究--以上海为例”(编号31470701)资助。

摘　　要：气候信封模型(Climatic Envelope Model, CEM)是指根据已知物种地理空间气候信息来模拟包络相似气候条件的潜在空间(气候信封)预测模型。首先对1959—2014年间上海历年园林树种名录进行编目整理,共统计出园林树种1428种,然后运用CEM对其中具有效气候信息的1263种进行了气候信封模拟,结果发现:1)近55年来,上海园林树种引种地的地理格局并未改变,核心种群仍以华东区系植物为主,长江下游平原与江南丘陵是其引种核心区域;2)最冷月最低气温和年均降水量是最主要的气候适应性评价因子,直接决定了引种树种的地理空间分布;3)落叶树种在引种数量上仍占优势,但常绿树种的比例成分在逐年增加;国外种以北美区系植物引种最多;树木形态上趋向植株低矮化,且以近人尺度的花灌木为主。最后,探讨了气候信封模型在上海地域性植被保护、园林树种选择以及树种规划中的价值与作用。Climatic Envelope Model(CEM)refers to the prediction model about the extent of occurrence with the climatic information of species geographical distribution.By listing landscape trees in Shanghai sorted out from 1959 to 2014,1,428 species were catalogued,among which 1,263 trees and shrubs are simulated by CEM.The threshold of min temperature in coldest month and annual precipitation extracted from species occupying geographical space are the principal factors for climate adaptability assessment and introduction.The majority of widely planted species are introduced from the flora of East China,and the lower plain of the Yangtze River and Jiangnan hilly region are the core provenances for tree introduction.This trend has not changed over recent 55 years.Deciduous trees are still dominant in species proportion,but the evergreen ingredients are significantly increased in recent decades.For exotic trees,North America is the main introduction source.In perspective of tree form,the height of species selection is gradually miniaturized and the habit is inclined to flowering shurb.Finally,the outlook of CEM for further application in regional flora conservation,tree selection and tree planning is discussed.

关 键 词：园林植物 气候信封模型 气候变化 树木引种 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]