3种人参属药用植物种子生根过程中胚乳营养物质与酶活性的变化  

Changes in Nutrients and Enzyme Activities of Endosperm During in the Rooting Process of Three Ginseng Medicinal Plants Seeds

作　　者：郑惠元[1] 雷秀娟[1] 王佳[1] 张新静[1] 王英平[1] ZHENG Huiyuan;LEI Xiujuan;WANG Jia;ZHANG Xinjing;WANG Yingping(Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants,Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences,Changchun Jilin 130112,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院特产研究所,吉林长春130112

出　　处：《种子》2018年第10期21-25,共5页Seed

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2015DFA 31290);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20170309007YY)

摘　　要：以人参、西洋参和三七种子为材料,研究了种子生根过程中胚乳中的营养物质及淀粉酶活性的变化。结果表明:1)三者胚乳中蔗糖的含量在种子露白时急剧下降,在胚根2~8mm时先上升后下降;可溶性总糖,淀粉在整个生根过程中均不断下降。人参、三七种子胚乳中的可溶性蛋白含量在胚根伸长至2mm时没有显著性变化,当胚根长为5mm时显著下降,而西洋参在整个生根过程中不断下降,说明胚乳中营养物质的不断降解为胚根的生长提供了所需的物质和能量,促进了种子的萌发和生长。2)人参、西洋参的α-淀粉酶活性呈先上升后下降趋势,在胚根伸长至5mm时达到最大值。β-淀粉酶活性在萌发后直至胚根生长到5mm期间呈显著下降趋势,而在胚根伸长至8mm时迅速上升,分别是α-淀粉酶活性的5倍和4倍。三七的α-淀粉酶活性并无显著性变化,β-淀粉酶活性则先缓慢升高再下降。The changes of nutrients and amylase activities in endosperm during seed rooting were studied by using the seeds of Panax ginseng,Panax quinquefolius and Panax notoginseng as materials.The results showed that:1)The sucrose content in the endosperm of the three medicinal plants decreased sharply after germination,and increased first and then decreased when the length of the radicles was 2-8 mm.Soluble total sugar and starch continuously decreased throughout the whole rooting process.The soluble protein content in the endosperm of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng did not change significantly when the radicles were elongated to 2 mm,and decreased significantly when the length of radicle was 5 mm,whereas Panax quinquefolius continued to decline during the entire rooting process.Explain that the continuous degradation of nutrients in endosperm provides necessary material and energy for the growth of radicle and promotes the germination and growth of seeds.2)The activity ofα-amylase in Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius firstly increased and then decreased.When the length of radicle reached 5 mm,theα-amylase activity reached the maximum and theβ-amylase activity decreased significantly until the length of the radicle grew to 5 mm after germination,but theβ-amylase activity increased rapidly when the length of radicle reached 8 mm,which was 5 times and 4 times of the activity of theα-amylase,respectively.Theα-amylase activity of Panax notoginseng did not change significantly,but theβ-amylase activity is first slowly increased and then decreased.

关 键 词：人参属药用植物 胚乳 营养物质 淀粉酶 

分 类 号：S567.51[农业科学—中草药栽培]