基于ALE方法的高速轮轨黏着特性仿真及试验验证  

Simulation and Experimental Validation of High Speed Wheel-Rail Adhesion Characteristics Based on ALE Method

作　　者：蔡园武 常崇义 陈波[1,2] 李兰 CAI Yuanwu;CHANG Chongyi;CHEN Bo;LI Lan(Railway Science&Technology Research&Development Center,China Academy ofRailway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;High Speed Wheel-Rail System Laboratory,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院铁道科学技术研究发展中心,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院高速轮轨关系试验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2018年第5期33-41,共9页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划项目(J2015G010);中国铁道科学研究院行业服务技术创新项目(2014YJ089;2015YJ125)

摘　　要：根据全尺寸高速轮轨关系试验台,建立基于ALE方法的轮轨滚动接触三维有限元模型,仿真分析干燥条件下高速轮轨黏着特性曲线,并采用试验台的高速黏着试验结果对其进行验证。在此基础上,分析高速条件下从制动到牵引工况变化过程中的轮轨接触斑状态、摩擦力分布、Mises应力分布等的演变规律。结果表明:有限元模型可用于模拟干燥轮轨接触表面条件下的高速轮轨黏着特性;黏着轮从自由滚动状态(全黏着)到最大牵引力(全滑动)过程中,轮轨接触斑从靠近轮缘的一侧进入滑动状态并逐渐扩大到整个区域,而制动工况时则从远离轮缘的一侧进入滑动状态;摩擦力从黏着轮自由滚动时的自旋分布状态逐渐变化为趋于一致方向,纵向蠕滑力达到饱和;Mises最大应力点由黏着轮自由滚动时的接触表面以下2 mm处逐渐转移到接触表面,应力更加集中。According to full-scale high speed wheel-rail system test rig,a three-dimensional finite element model of wheel-rail rolling contact was establishedbased on ALE method.The high speed wheel-rail adhesion characteristic curve under dry condition was analyzed and validated by high speed adhesion test results obtained from the test rig.On this basis,the evolution rules of contact patch state,friction force distribution and Mises stress distribution frombraking to traction under high speed conditions were analyzed.Results show that the finite element model can be used to simulate high speed wheel-rail adhesion characteristics under dry wheel-rail contact surface condition.From the free rolling state(all adhesion)of the adhesion wheel to the maximum traction(full sliding)process,the wheel-rail contact patch enters the sliding state fromthe side near the flange and expands gradually to the whole contact patch.While for braking condition,the contact patch enters the sliding state away from the side of the flange.The friction force changes gradually from the spin distribution state of the free rolling adhesion wheel to the uniform direction,and thelongitudinal creep force reaches saturation.The maximum Mises stress point isgradually transferred from 2 mm below the contact surface when the adhesionwheel is free rolling to the contact surface,and the stress is more concentrated.

关 键 词：轮轨关系试验台 滚动接触 干燥 摩擦系数 牵引 制动 高速 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]