不同缓/控释氮肥对春玉米氮素吸收利用、土壤无机氮变化及氮平衡的影响  

Effects of Different Slow/Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on Spring Maize Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization, Soil Inorganic Nitrogen and Nitrogen Balance

作　　者：侯云鹏[1] 李前[1] 孔丽丽[1] 秦裕波[1] 王蒙 于雷[1] 王立春[1] 尹彩侠[1] HOU YunPeng;LI Qian;KONG LiLi;QIN YuBo;WANG Meng;YU Lei;WANG LiChun;YIN CaiXia(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture,Changchun 130033)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,长春130033

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第20期3928-3940,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300604);国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201303103)

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究不同类型缓/控释氮肥对吉林省中部地区春玉米产量、关键生长节点氮素积累特征以及生育期内土壤无机氮含量变化和氮素平衡等多方面的影响,筛选出适宜吉林省中部玉米主产区的缓/控释氮肥类型,以期为该区域缓/控释氮肥合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】于2014年和2015年在吉林省中部玉米主产区设置大田试验,以不施氮肥为对照(CK),在相同用量和施用方式下,设普通尿素(CU)、硫包衣尿素(SCU)、树脂包膜尿素(CRF)、稳定性尿素(SU)和脲甲醛(UF)6个处理,测定指标包括玉米产量、不同生育时期植株氮含量和土壤无机氮含量,并计算作物吸氮量、氮素利用效率、土壤无机氮积累量和土壤-作物系统的氮素平衡状况。【结果】各缓/控释氮肥处理玉米产量显著高于普通尿素处理,以树脂包膜尿素处理玉米产量最高,较普通尿素处理分别提高19.6%(2014年)和18.8%(2015年)。与普通尿素处理相比,各缓/控释氮肥处理显著提高了玉米氮素当季回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力,提高幅度依次为44.8%—72.6%、70.8%—147.7%、9.6%—19.6%(2014年)和29.2%—48.0%、47.7%—86.5%、10.4%—18.9%(2015年),且均以树脂包膜尿素处理最高。施氮显著提高了玉米各生育期氮积累量,其中灌浆期至成熟期氮积累量以树脂包膜尿素处理最高。与普通尿素处理相比,各缓/控释氮肥处理提高了玉米开花期至成熟期0—30 cm土壤无机氮含量,其中玉米开花期至灌浆期土壤无机氮含量以树脂包膜尿素处理最高,成熟期土壤无机氮含量以脲甲醛处理最高。玉米收获后0—180 cm土壤剖面无机氮含量随土层深度增加呈逐渐下降的趋势;与普通尿素处理相比,各缓/控释氮肥处理显著提高了0—30 cm土壤无机氮含量,其中以脲甲醛处理最高。相关分析表明,玉米氮素总积累量、产量与玉米大喇叭口期至成熟期土壤无机氮含【Objective】This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different types slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments on spring maize yield,nitrogen accumulation characteristics at key growth periods,soil inorganic nitrogen change,nitrogen balance,and other aspects at the middle region of Jilin province,so as to select the suitable slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer type and provide the theoretical basis on reasonable application of slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizers.【Method】Two field experiments were conducted in the middle maize production regions of Jilin province in 2014 and 2015 with 6 treatments,including no nitrogen fertilization control(CK),common urea(CU),sulfur-coated urea(SCU),polymer-coated urea(CRF),stability urea(SU)and urea formaldehyde(UF).Grain yield,N content in different growth period and soil inorganic nitrogen content were measured,and N uptake,nitrogen utilization efficiency,soil inorganic N accumulation and N balance were also calculated.【Result】The maize yield under slow/controlled release nitrogen fertilizer treatments was significantly higher than that under CU treatment,with 19.6%(2014)and 18.8%(2015),respectively,and the maize yield in the CRF treatment was the highest.N recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity were significantly increased under the slow/controlled release N fertilizer treatments by 44.8%-72.6%,70.8%-147.7%,9.6%-19.6%(2014)and 29.2%-48.0%,47.7%-86.5%,10.4%-18.9%(2015),respectively,and which of CRF treatment were the highest.N accumulation was significantly increased with N fertilizer application,which of CRF treatment was the highest from filling stage to mature stage.Compared with CU treatment,soil inorganic nitrogen content was significantly increased from flowering stage to mature stage in 0-30 cm soil,that of CRF treatment was the highest from flowering stage to filling stage,and that of UF treatment was the highest in mature stage.The contents of inorganic nitrogen decreased with the increas

关 键 词：缓/控释氮肥 春玉米 氮素利用效率 土壤无机氮含量 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]