聚脲甲醛缓释氮肥一次性基施在双季稻上的应用效果  

Effect of One-off Application of Poly Urea-Formaldehyde Fertilizer Under Reduced N Rate on Double Cropping Rice

作　　者：黄巧义 张木 黄旭 唐拴虎 张发宝 逄玉万 易琼 李苹 付弘婷 HUANG QiaoYi;ZHANG Mu;HUANG Xu;TANG ShuanHu;ZHANG FaBao;PANG YuWan;YI Qiong;LI Ping;FU HongTing(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region,Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation,Guangzhou 510640)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第20期3996-4006,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503123;201303103);广东省科技计划(2016A020210035)

摘　　要：【目的】研究聚脲甲醛缓释肥在华南双季稻上的肥料效应,探讨基于聚脲甲醛缓释肥的双季稻一次性施肥技术的可行性,为华南双季稻轻简化、增效减氮施肥技术提供依据。【方法】试验以常规稻品种金香丝苗为供试材料,采用早、晚稻两季作物大田试验,在施氮量为180 kg·hm^(-2)的水平下,依聚脲甲醛的氮利用率相当于普通尿素的1.0、1.3、1.6和1.9倍,设定聚脲甲醛缓释氮肥减氮0、23%、38%、47%(UF1、UF2、UF3、UF4)一次性基施,常规分次施肥处理(CF,基肥50%、返青肥20%、拔节肥30%)和不施氮处理(CK),所有处理磷钾的用量分别为P2O5 55 kg·hm^(-2)、K_2O 130 kg·hm^(-2),肥源分别为过磷酸钙和氯化钾。研究聚脲甲醛一次性基施及减氮处理对双季稻产量、生物量、地上部氮磷钾养分积累量、氮肥利用率、土壤无机态氮含量的影响。【结果】(1)在等氮条件下,聚脲甲醛缓释肥一次性基施处理(UF1)的早、晚稻籽粒产量与常规分次施肥处理(CF)基本持平;聚脲甲醛减氮23%一次性基施处理(UF2)对早、晚稻的籽粒产量没有显著影响;聚脲甲醛减氮38%一次性基施(UF3处理的早稻籽粒产量显著降低,较CF处理减产7.52%;聚脲甲醛减氮47%一次性基施处理(UF4)的早、晚稻产量均显著低于CF处理,其降幅分别为9.84%和9.75%。(2)UF4处理的早、晚稻有效穗数较CF处理每兜少了0.80和0.39个有效穗,其中早稻的降幅达到显著水平(P<0.05),UF1、UF2和UF3处理的早、晚稻有效穗数、每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重与CF处理无显著差异。(3)与常规施肥相比,UF1和UF2处理的早、晚稻氮、磷、钾含量及其吸收累积量均无显著差异,UF3处理的晚稻秸秆氮含量和氮素累积量降低了30.73%、23.60%(P<0.05),UF4处理的晚稻稻草和籽粒氮含量显著降低(P<0.05),早、晚稻的氮素累积量分别降低22.82%、26.82%(P<0.05)。(4)UF2、UF3、UF4处理的氮肥偏生产力高于CF处�【Objective】This experiment was carried out to study the effect of one-off application of poly urea-formaldehyde fertilizer with reduced N rate on double rice and to explore the possibility of one-off application of poly urea-formaldehyde fertilizer on double rice,thus providing a theoretical basis for simple and easy,synergistic and less nitrogen fertilizer practice,so as to increase fertilizer efficiency,and reduce the non-point source pollution.【Method】The conventional rice variety“Jingxiang Simiao”was used in a field experiment.One year field experiment,including early rice and late rice,was conducted.Under the conventional total N input of 180 kg·hm^-2,the one-off application of poly urea-formaldehyde fertilizer with reduced 0,23%,38%and 47%N rate(UF1,UF2,UF3 and UF4,respectively),conventional fertilization(CF,50%of base fertilizer,20%of turning green fertilizer and 30%of elongation fertilizer),and no nitrogen fertilizer(CK)were designed.All the experimental fields were fertilized with P2O5 55 kg·hm^-2 and K2O 130 kg·hm^-2,which were supplied by calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride.Research mainly focused on the influence of one-off application with reduced N rate on the yield,biomass,NPK contents of the above-ground portion,nitrogen use efficiency of rice,and the inorganic nitrogen content in soil.【Result】(1)There were no significant differences in the grain yields of early and late rice among CF,UF1,and UF2 treatments.The grain yield of early rice under UF3 treatments reduced significantly by 7.52%comparing with CF treatment(P<0.05).The grain yield of early and late rice under UF4 treatment all decreased significantly by 9.84%and 9.75%,respectively,comparing with CF treatment(P<0.05).(2)Comparing with CF treatment,the effective panicles per hill for early rice and late rice in treatment UF4 were 0.80 and 0.39 less,while the decrease during early rice had reached significant level(P<0.05).UF1,UF2 and UF3 treatments had the similar effective panicles,filled grains per panicle,fille

关 键 词：水稻 聚脲甲醛缓释肥 一次性施肥 氮肥利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]