不同作物与再植苹果幼树混栽对再植植株及土壤环境的影响  

Effect of Different Intercropping Types on the Growth of Replanted Apple Tree and Soil Environment

作　　者：马子清 段亚楠[1] 沈向[1] 陈学森[1] 尹承苗[1] 毛志泉[1] MA ZiQing;DUAN YaNan;SHEN Xiang;CHEN XueSen;YIN ChengMiao;MAO ZhiQuan(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第19期3815-3822,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201114);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28);国家自然科学基金(31672104;31501720)

摘　　要：【目的】以老龄苹果园土壤为对象,研究不同作物与再植苹果幼树混栽对再植植株及土壤环境的影响,筛选更有效的混栽作物以减轻苹果连作障碍,为老果园更新提供技术支持。【方法】试验设置老龄苹果园土对照(CK)、溴甲烷熏蒸老龄苹果园土(T1)、苹果幼树与葱混栽(T2)、苹果幼树与小麦混栽(T3)、苹果幼树与芥菜混栽(T4)共5个处理,测定不同处理对再植幼树地上部生物量、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物数量以及土壤中酚酸类物质含量的影响,采用qPCR技术检测老果园土壤中主要有害真菌拷贝数的变化。【结果】3种作物和苹果幼树的混栽均可显著增加苹果幼树的株高、地径、鲜重、干重、新稍平均长度和新梢总长,其中与葱混栽(T2)处理效果最好,其株高、地径、鲜重、干重、新稍平均长度和新梢总长分别是对照的1.12、1.31、1.71、1.65、1.25和2.09倍。与葱、小麦、芥菜3种作物混栽处理均可增加土壤细菌数量,减少土壤真菌的数量,其中与葱混栽较对照细菌数量增加了37.93%、真菌数量下降了41.33%,混栽小麦细菌总量增加了31.03%,混栽芥菜细菌总量增加了13.79%,混栽葱、小麦、芥菜使土壤细菌/真菌比值分别提高了135.11%、128.55%和89.66%;与老龄苹果园土对照(CK)相比,与葱混栽(T2)、与小麦混栽(T3)、与芥菜混栽(T4)处理的镰孢菌属基因拷贝数均有所降低,且表现出显著性差异,与葱混栽处理的串珠镰孢的数量降低了61.01%,尖镰孢的数量降低了37.11%,腐皮镰孢的数量降低了40.97%,层出镰孢的数量降低了53.11%;3种作物与苹果幼树混栽提高了土壤中主要酶的活性,其中混栽芥菜处理较对照脲酶活性提高最为明显,提高了44.59%;混栽小麦处理磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性比对照分别提高了59.26%、50.37%;混栽葱、小麦、芥菜土壤中根皮苷的含量明显降低,分别降低了81.23%、20.56%、86.11%;与老果园土壤对【Objective】Taking the soil of the old apple orchard as the object,this study is to explore the effects of mixed planting of different crops and replanted young apple trees on replanting plants and soil environment,select the more effective mixed plant to reduce the apple replant disease,and to provide technical support for the renewal of old orchards.【Method】The experiment included 5 treatments,which were CK(the old apple orchard soil),T1(the methyl bromide fumigation old apple orchard soil),T2(grafted apple seedlings mixed with Allium fistulosum),T3(grafted apple seedlings mixed with Triticum aestivum),T4(grafted apple seedlings mixed with Brassica juncea).The effect of mixed planting of different crops on the aboveground biomass,soil enzymes activity,soil microbial quantity,and soil phenolic acid content was detected.The copy number of the major harmful fungi in soil of old orchard was detected by real-time quantitative PCR technology.【Result】Mixed the three kinds of crops and young apple tree obviously enhanced the young apple tree plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight,dry weight,average fresh shoot length,and total fresh shoot length,and the treatment of mixed planting with A.fistulosum(T2)had the most beneficial effect,which plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight,dry weight,average fresh shoot length,and total fresh shoot length were 1.12,1.31,1.71,1.65,1.25 and 2.09 times of the control,respectively.Mixed planting three crops could increase the number of soil bacteria and reduce the number of soil fungi.Compared with the control,the number of soil bacteria increased by 37.93%,and the number of soil fungi reduced by 41.33%under the treatment of mixed planting with A.fistulosum,the number of soil bacteria increased by 31.03%under the treatment of mixed T.aestivum,the number of soil bacteria increased by 13.79%under the treatment of mixed B.juncea.The ratio of bacteria to fungus in the soil increased by 135.11%,128.55%and 89.66%when mixed A.fistulosum,T.aestivum,B.juncea,respectively.Compare

关 键 词：混栽 葱 小麦 芥菜 苹果连作障碍 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]