温度对石蒜绵粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的影响  

Effects of temperature on the growth,development and reproduction of Phenacoccus solani (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)

作　　者：李思怡 王吉锐 赖秋利 张胜娟 邵炜冬 徐志宏[1] LI Si-Yi;WANG Ji-Rui;LAI Qiu-Li;ZHANG Sheng-Juan;SHAO Wei-Dong;XU Zhi-Hong(School of Agriculture and Food Science,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Lin′an,Zhejiang 311300,China;Zhoushan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Zhoushan,Zhejiang 316000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学农业与食品科学学院,浙江临安311300 [2]舟山出入境检验检疫局,浙江舟山316000

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2018年第10期1170-1176,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江检验检疫局项目(ZK201424)

摘　　要：【目的】石蒜绵粉蚧Phenacoccus solani是近年在我国新发现的一种重要检疫性害虫,温度是决定石蒜绵粉蚧能否建立稳定种群的最基本因素。本研究旨在探索温度对莴苣Lactuca sativa上石蒜绵粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的影响。【方法】在20, 23, 26, 29和32℃,光周期14L∶10D,相对湿度80%±5%的实验室条件下,测定了莴苣上石蒜绵粉蚧各虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率和繁殖力,组建了石蒜绵粉蚧的实验种群生命表。【结果】石蒜绵粉蚧各虫态的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短,在20℃下若虫发育历期最长,为35.75 d; 32℃时若虫发育历期最短,为17.90 d。此外,温度显著影响石蒜绵粉蚧的存活,在26℃时若虫期的存活率最高,为67.33%;世代的发育起点温度为12.23℃,有效积温为770.90日·度。石蒜绵粉蚧的产卵前期和成虫寿命随着温度的升高而缩短。成虫产卵量在20℃时最高,达88.02粒/雌;32℃时最低,仅为37.61粒/雌。在20～32℃种群趋势指数都大于1,说明石蒜绵粉蚧对温度的适应范围广。但在32℃时,产卵前期存活率明显降低,说明高温不利于石蒜绵粉蚧的繁殖。【结论】温度对石蒜绵粉蚧的生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长有显著的影响,26℃是最适宜石蒜绵粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的温度。【Aim】Phenacoccus solani(Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae)has been found as one of important alien species in recent years in China.For the alien pest,temperature is always a crucial factor for constructing stable population.This study aims to clarify the effects of temperature on the growth,development and reproduction of P.solani population on the host Lactuca sativa.【Methods】The developmental duration,developmental rate,survival rate and fecundity of P.solani on L.sativa were compared in the laboratory under the conditions of 20,23,26,29 and 32℃,photoperiod of 14L∶10D,and RH 80%±5%,and the life table of the laboratory population was constructed.【Results】The developmental duration of various stages of P.solani all decreased with increasing temperature.The nymphal duration was the longest at 20℃(35.75 d),and the shortest at 32℃(17.90 d).Temperature significantly impacted its survival.The highest survival rate was recorded at 26℃for the nymphal stage(67.33%).The developmental threshold temperature was 12.23℃,and the effective accumulated temperature was 770.90 day-degrees.Both preoviposition duration and adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature,and the highest fecundity was 88.02 eggs laid per female at 20℃,and the lowest 37.61 eggs laid per female at 32℃.The population trend index was greater than 1 from 20 to 32℃,implying that the population increases at these temperatures and P.solani can adapt to a wide range of temperatures.However,the survival rate at the preoviposition stage was significantly reduced at 32℃,indicating that high temperature is not conducive to P.solani reproduction.【Conclusion】Temperature significantly affects the growth and development,survivorship,reproduction and population increase of P.solani,and the most suitable temperature for this pest is 26℃.

关 键 词：石蒜绵粉蚧 温度 生命表 发育起点温度 有效积温 种群趋势指数 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]