农业面源污染现状及防控技术  

Review of Current Situation of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution and Its Prevention and Control Technologies

作　　者：武淑霞[1] 刘宏斌[1] 刘申[2] 王耀生 谷保静[4] 金书秦 雷秋良[1] 翟丽梅[1] 王洪媛[1] Wu Shuxia;Liu Hongbin;Liu Shen;Wang Yaosheng;Gu Baojing;Jin Shuqin;Lei Qiuliang;Zhai Limei;Wang Hongyuan(Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Aisino Corporation,Beijing 100195,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Research Center for Rural Economy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100810,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业农村部农业面源污染控制重点实验室,北京100081 [2]航天信息股份有限公司,北京100195 [3]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [4]浙江大学,杭州310058 [5]农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2018年第5期23-30,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“中国农业资源环境若干战略问题研究”(2016-ZD-10);农业部专项“生态环境保护专项”;中英牛顿基金项目(BB/N013484/1)。

摘　　要：农业面源污染是造成我国水环境污染的主要因素之一,具有随机性强、污染排放不固定、污染负荷变化大等特点,防治较点源污染更为困难,了解农业面源污染现状及其防控技术是进行面源污染治理的前提。本文概述了农业面源污染成因及其现状,指出种植业中肥料的不合理施用和规模化畜禽养殖排污是当前最重要的农业面源污染来源,较全面地介绍了种植业和畜禽养殖业中较为成熟的面源污染防控技术,提出"源头控制为主、过程阻控与末端治理相结合"是当前进行农业面源污染防控的主要途径,应因地制宜地采用相应的面源污染防控技术,实现环境效益、经济效益和社会效益的同步发展。Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main factors causing water pollution in China.Due to its characteristics of randomness,unfixed pollution discharge,and changes in pollution load,it is more difficult to control and prevent the pollution from non-point sources than that from point sources.Making clear of the current situation of non-point agricultural pollution and its prevention and control technologies is the premise of non-point pollution control.This paper summarizes the causes and present situation of agricultural non-point source pollution,and points out that the unreasonable fertilizer application and the pollutant discharge from large-scale livestock and poultry breeding farms are the most important sources of agricultural non-point pollution.The current mature non-point source pollution prevention and control techniques in planting and livestock industry are introduced.It also proposes that the combination of source control,process control,and end treatment is the most important prevention method for agricultural non-point source pollution.Corresponding prevention and control technologies of non-point source pollution should be adopted according to local conditions to realize the simultaneous development of environmental,economic,and social benefits.

关 键 词：农业面源污染 农田养分流失 畜禽养殖排污 防控技术 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]