渔业环境面临形势与可持续发展战略研究  

Study on Situations and Sustainable Development Strategies of China's Fishery Environment

作　　者：崔正国[1,2] 曲克明 唐启升[1,2] Cui Zhengguo;Qu Keming;Tang Qisheng(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2018年第5期63-68,共6页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目“中国农业资源环境若干战略问题研究”(2016-ZD-10)。

摘　　要：渔业环境是水生生物赖以生存和繁衍的场所,也是渔业可持续发展的基础。总体上,我国渔业水域环境质量恶化的趋势尚未得到根本遏制,无机氮和活性磷酸盐仍是渔业水域主要的污染指标。本文在分析渔业环境现状与演变趋势的基础上,揭示了建设项目活动开发、外源污染、生态灾害和污染事故等破坏、影响渔业环境可持续发展的主要因素,识别了重点渔业水域的主要环境问题,提出了我国渔业环境绿色低碳、环境友好的可持续发展思路,确立了渔业环境发展的总体目标和到2025年、2030年两个发展阶段的具体目标,提出严控渔业水域外源污染和养殖自身污染、划定渔业生态红线、完善渔业环境监测技术体系、加强渔业水域环境修复及实施渔业创新工程等方面的建议和措施,以期为我国渔业环境的保护与管理提供参考和借鉴。A fishery environment is a place on which the survival and reproduction of aquatic lives rely and is the foundation of fishery development.In general,the deterioration of the environmental quality of fishery waters in China has not yet been fundamentally curbed,and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate are still the major indicators of pollution in fishery waters.Based on analyses of the status and variation trend of the fishery environment,in this review,we clarify the main factors that affect the sustainable development of China’s fishery environment,such as development of construction projects,pollution of external sources,ecological disasters,and pollution accidents;identify major environmental issues in key areas of water;propose the idea of sustainable fishery environment based on green,low-carbon,and environmentally friendly development;establish the overall development goal and the specific development goals of two stages by 2025 and 2030;and put forward suggestions and measures including strictly controlling external pollution and aquaculture self-pollution,delineating the ecological conservation redline,improving the monitoring technology system,strengthening ecological rehabilitation,and implementing innovation projects of the fishery environment in China,hoping to provide references for the protection and management of China’s fishery environment.

关 键 词：渔业环境 可持续发展 环境质量 战略规划 

分 类 号：S949[农业科学—水产养殖]