化肥过度施用的原因分析——基于销售商视角  

Analysis of the Reasons for Overuse of Chemical Fertilizer from a Seller's Perspective

作　　者：连煜阳 刘静[1] 金书秦 刘宏斌[3] 武淑霞[3] Lian Yuyang;Liu Jing;Jin Shuqin;Liu Hongbin;Wu Shuxia(Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricaltural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Research Center for Rural Economy,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC,Beijing 100810,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricaltural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081 [2]中华人民共和国农业农村部农村经济研究中心,北京100810 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国工程科学》2018年第5期112-119,共8页Strategic Study of CAE

基　　金：中国工程院咨询项目"中国农业资源环境若干战略问题研究"(2016-ZD-10);国家重点研发计划课题"化肥农药减施增效管理政策创设研究"(2016YFD0201304)

摘　　要：本文从肥料流通环节分析化肥过度施用的原因,分析肥料传统二级营销模式,了解肥料流通环节现状,利用肥料经销商的实地调研数据,对肥料经销商行为进行实证分析。研究发现肥料流通环节赊销现象严重,大大增加流通成本,使肥料价格虚高,肥料产品的宣传推广工作和农户赊销产生的资金风险增加了经销商的经营成本,经销商为保证盈利,会倾向于增加肥料推荐用量,导致农户过量施用化肥;此外,肥料经销商整体专业知识水平较低,参加农业技术培训可以使经销商更科学地推荐肥料用量。为此,建议提高肥料经销商市场准入门槛,优化对肥料经销商的培训,努力缓解肥料流通环节赊销压力。This paper analyzes the reasons for the overuse of chemical fertilizers from the aspect of fertilizer circulation.This paper introduces the traditional bi-level fertilizer distribution model and the current status of fertilizer circulation,and conducts an empirical analysis of the behaviors of fertilizer distributors by using field research data of the fertilizer distributors.Analyses show that the phenomenon of credit sales in fertilizer circulation is serious,which has greatly increased the cost of circulation and made the price of fertilizers unrealistically high.The promotion of fertilizer products and the financial risks arising from credit buying of farmers have increased the operating costs of the distributors.To make profit,the distributors tend to elevate the recommended dosage of fertilizer,resulting in excessive use of fertilizer by farmers.In addition,fertilizer distributors usually have a low level of expertise and thus need agricultural technical trainings to recommend a more scientific fertilizer dosage.To this end,it is recommended to raise the threshold for market access of fertilizer distributors,optimize trainings of the fertilizer distributors,and ease the pressure caused by credit sales in fertilizer circulation.

关 键 词：肥料 经销商 赊销行为 推荐用量 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]