干旱胁迫对不同倍性小麦和八倍体小黑麦苗期光合能力与抗氧化系统的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Capacity and Antioxidant System in Wheat with Different Ploidy Levels and Octoploid Triticale at Seedling Stage

作　　者：毛浩田 陈梦莹 吴楠 刘海悦 刘玉林 张怀渝[1] 陈洋尔[1] MAO Haotian;CHEN Mengying;WU Nan;LIU Haiyue;LIU Yulin;ZHANG Huaiyu;CHEN Yanger(College of Life Science,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an,Sichuan 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学生命科学学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2018年第10期1246-1254,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：四川省学术带头人培养项目

摘　　要：为了解小麦进化过程中不同基因组及染色体倍数对小麦抗旱能力的影响,以二倍体、四倍体、六倍体小麦和八倍体小黑麦为材料,研究了聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)胁迫1d和3d后不同倍性小麦和小黑麦叶绿素荧光、气体交换参数、活性氧含量以及抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,干旱胁迫3d后不同倍性小麦和八倍体小黑麦的相对水含量和叶绿素含量显著减少,气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光系统II最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)以及光系统II实际量子产量(ΦPSII)降低,而非光化学淬灭(NPQ)、活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)含量显著上升,其中二倍体小麦变化最明显。干旱胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性呈现不同变化,SOD和POD活性先增后降,CAT活性降低,而APX活性增加,其中六倍体小麦抗氧化酶活性增加最显著。In this study,the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence,gas exchange parameters,reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the activities of antioxidative enzymes among diploid,tetraploid and hexaploid wheat and octoploidy Triticale seedlings under drought stress were compared.The results showed that the relative water content(RWC)and chlorophyll content in wheat with different ploidy levels and octoploid Triticale significantly decreased under drought stress for 3 d.In addition,a significant decrease in the stomatal conductance,photosynthetic rate,PSII maximum photochemical efficiency(F v/F m),and the quantum yield of PSII electron transport(ΦPSII)was observed,while a significant increase in the non-photochemical quenching(NPQ),reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and malondialdehyde(MDA)content was found in wheat with different ploidy levels and octoploid Triticale under drought stress.Under drought stress,the activities of antioxidant enzymes showed different changes.The activities of SOD and POD showed a significant decrease in all plants exposed to drought stress for 3 d.Under drought stress,the activities of CAT and APX presented a significant decrease and increase in wheat with different ploidy levels and octoploid Triticale,respectively.Furthermore,we found that hexaploid wheat showed the highest activities of four antioxidative enzymes under drought stress.

关 键 词：干旱 叶绿素荧光 抗氧化酶 小麦 小黑麦 倍数性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311