海外市场、制度环境与本土集聚  

Overseas Market, Institutional Environment and Origin Agglomeration

作　　者：张一力[1] 周康 张俊森 ZHANG Yili;ZHOU Kang;ZHANG Junsen(Business School,Wenzhou University;Department of Economics,Chinese University of Hong Kong)

机构地区：[1]温州大学商学院 [2]香港中文大学经济学系

出　　处：《经济研究》2018年第10期142-157,共16页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"企业家集群网络形成机制及其对区域经济增长影响的研究"(71273193);浙江省哲学社会科学重点研究基地立项课题"海外温商区域性产业集群网络演化"(15JDWZ01YB)

摘　　要：在研究企业的空间分布时,一个突出的难题在于我们不得不将企业分配至特定的行政区域内,这将空间上的点(企业)转化成了平面上不均匀的黑盒子(行政区),进而破坏了集聚经济的原始状态。借助于新近获取的经纬度坐标数据,本文在连续空间上开展数值模拟进而克服了这一局限。模拟结果显示中国出口企业在空间分布上呈现出一种新的集聚模式——出口目的地的本土集聚,即出口到相同海外市场的企业在中国境内呈现出显著的集中倾向。随后我们从出口障碍的视角解释了这一现象,实证结果显示:出口目的地的制度环境越差,出口至该市场的企业在中国境内的集聚程度越高;另一方面,当目的国的出口障碍变弱时(如与中国存在相同的意识形态或民族语言),出口至该市场的企业在中国境内的集聚程度显著降低。这些证据表明出口障碍对中国出口企业的空间分布产生了显著影响。本文的研究既为中国出口企业的空间分布提供了一个新的解释,也揭示了出口企业挑战高难度出口市场的一种生存法则。The location distribution of exporters is far from random,even in a relatively narrow region within a country.In contrast,the tendency of establishments to cluster within some areas has been a well-perceived economic phenomenon in China.For example,in 2006,out of all 2932 counties where export firms were mostly concentrated,over 77%of the firms were clustered in the top 100 counties.More interestingly,more than 3500 of these firms were gathered in Shenzhen Baoan,a district less than 400 square kilometers in size.Motivated by these facts,in this paper,we step back from the thorough industrial organization literature to explore the location pattern of export firms by raising simple questions:do firms export to the same geographically concentrated counties in China relative to overall distribution?If this is the case,how can the phenomenon be explained?A major issue arises when answering these questions:we must ex ante distribute firms into specific administrative units and then rely on administrative units to examine the firms'location pattern.This approach transforms spatial spots(firms)into uneven black boxes(administrative units)and thus artificially distorts the attributes of agglomeration.To overcome this challenge,we use the distance-based approach proposed by Duranton&Overman(2005)(DO approach).This approach has been widely used for agglomeration studies but is rarely present in the Chinese literature due to a lack of data availability.Relying on detailed and unique coordinate data,we apply this approach to test destination-specific agglomeration,controlling for industry clusters in China.The main findings suggest that firms selling to the same destinations appear to be geographically concentrated,revealing the existence of a novel location pattern of export firms in terms of spatial distribution in China,referred to as export agglomeration by destination.To explain this phenomenon,we analyze typical facts and empirically exploit the effects of export barriers in shaping the destination-specific location pat

关 键 词：本土集聚 制度环境 出口障碍 空间统计 

分 类 号：F14[经济管理—世界经济] D21[政治法律—政治学]