诱蜂剂中蔗糖浓度对罗汉果花器官和坐果的影响  

Effects of sucrose concentration in bee attractant on flower organ and fruit setting of Siraitia grosvenorii

作　　者：周凤珏[1] 郑金元 龚银花[1] 陈念平[1] 许皓翔[1] 梁琼月[1] 许鸿源[1] ZHOU Feng-jue;ZHENG Jin-yuan;GONG Yin-hua;CHEN Nian-ping;XU Hao-xiang;LIANG Qiong-yue;XU Hong-yuan(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2018年第10期2007-2012,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科技计划项目(桂科AA16380049);广西农业重点科技计划项目(201404)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同蔗糖浓度诱蜂剂对罗汉果花器官和坐果的影响,为科学配制罗汉果诱蜂剂提供参考依据。【方法】测定罗汉果花瓣、花药、柱头和不同浓度蔗糖液的水势;向蔗糖与饮用水重量比为50%、40%、30%、20%、10%和0(CK)的溶液中加入组分相同的仿花香味成分制成罗汉果诱蜂剂,在罗汉果盛花期无雨天气的早晨,分别喷施其雄花和雌花,观察记录雄花花药和雌花柱头出现黑斑、雄花花瓣和雌花花瓣出现萎蔫的时间;对喷施诱蜂剂后的罗汉果雌花进行人工点花授粉,统计坐果率及夭折和畸形果率,筛选适宜的罗汉果诱蜂剂蔗糖浓度。【结果】罗汉果各花器官水势排序为雌花瓣>柱头>雄花瓣>花药;喷施30%～50%罗汉果诱蜂剂的罗汉果花药首现黑斑时间比CK组提前7.17～10.58 h,柱头首现黑斑时间比CK组提前29.17～33.50 h;以40%～50%罗汉果诱蜂剂处理柱头后,其坐果率为73.3%～80.0%,夭折和畸形果率为16.7%～27.3%;以10%～20%罗汉果诱蜂剂处理柱头后,坐果率达100.0%,夭折和畸形果率为0。相关性分析结果表明,罗汉果诱蜂剂中蔗糖浓度与花药和柱头现黑斑时间、雄花瓣和雌花瓣现萎蔫时间及坐果率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同),与夭折和畸形果率呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为-0.929、-0.917、-0.916、-0.938、-0.902和0.900。【结论】配制罗汉果诱蜂剂的蔗糖浓度为10%～20%时可保障罗汉果花药和柱头安全,坐果率达100.0%,且无夭折和畸形果发生,该浓度可供研发其他作物诱蜂剂或改进诱蜂剂的安全性参考。【Objective】In order to provide the basis for scientific preparation of bee attractant,the effects of sucrose concentration in bee attractant on the flower organ and fruit setting of Siraitia grosvenorii was investigated.【Method】The water potential in petal,anther and stigma of S.grosvenorii were measured,ingredients with imitation of flower fragrance in the same components were added into the solutions with weight ratio of sucrose and drinking water being 50%,40%,30%,20%,10%and 0(CK).Then the bee attractant was made.In a morning without rain during full-bloom stage of S.Grosvenorii,the bee attractant was sprayed to the male flower and female flower,then the time when the black spot showed up on the anther and female stigma and the time when they got wilted were observed and recorded.After spraying,the female flower was pollinated by hand,the rate of fruit setting,rate of abortive fruits and deformed fruits were counted,and the appropriate concentration of sucrose in bee attractant was selected.【Result】The water potential of each part of flower organ ranked as female petal>stigma>male petal>anther.The bee attractant with 30%-50%concentration spraying on anther could let the black spot show-up time become 7.17-10.58 h earlier than CK group,the first black spot on stigma was 29.17-33.50 h earlier than CK group.Spraying bee attractant with 40%-50%concentration on stigma,the rate of fruit setting was 73.3%-80.0%,the rate of abortive fruits and deformed fruits was 16.7%-27.3%.With 10%-20%concentration bee attractant spraying on stigma,the rate of fruit setting reached 100%,the rate of death and deformity was 0.The result of correlation analysis showed that the extreme negative correlations(P<0.01,the same below)between sucrose concentration in the bee attractant and the occurrence time of black spot on anther and stigma,the time when female and male petal got wilted,the rate of fruit setting.And sucrose concentration had extreme positive correlation with rate of abortive fruits and deformed fruits.Their cor

关 键 词：罗汉果 诱蜂剂 蔗糖浓度 药害 坐果率 

分 类 号：S668.9[农业科学—果树学]