Fe-Cr-C系硬面合金及其硬质相的研究进展  

A Brief Survey on the Fe-Cr-C Hard Facing Alloys and Its Hard Phases

作　　者：禹润缜 刘胜新[1] 王朋旭 黄智泉 魏建军 YU Runzhen;LIU Shengxin;WANG Pengxu;HUANG Zhiquan;WEI Jianjun(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001;Department of Special WeldingMaterials,Limited Company of Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering,Zhengzhou 450001)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学材料科学与工程学院,郑州450001 [2]郑州机械研究所有限公司特种焊接材料研究室,郑州450001

出　　处：《材料导报》2018年第21期3780-3788,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2017cxcy213)

摘　　要：针对工件表面的磨损破坏,常通过熔覆、喷涂等手段,在失效位置得到高耐磨性的硬面合金层来进行修复强化。该方法不仅经济方便,还可有效提高工件服役寿命。在表面修复工艺中,硬面层的成分选用极为重要。Fe-Cr-C系硬面合金即一类典型的Fe基表面修复材料,目前正广泛应用于各类工矿耐磨部件的表面修复及强化中,与其他成分的硬面合金相比,它具有几大显著优势:(1)成本低廉;(2)强度、韧度、耐磨性优异且较平衡;(3)性能可调节范围广,能满足于多种磨损工况的修复强化。传统的Fe-Cr-C系硬面合金主要依靠其凝固时产生的M_3C、M_(23)C_6、M_7C_3、高碳马氏体等几种高硬度物相来获得一定的耐磨性。然而在实际磨损工况中,通常会出现硬度更高的SiC、Al_2O_3等磨料,且近年来,随着各种高新技术的竞相出现,大量机械设备规格的转型升级成为大势所趋,这使得各类耐磨部件需要满足于更为苛刻的服役条件。因此,Fe-Cr-C系硬面合金的耐磨性有待进一步改善。针对这一问题,目前国内外的研究焦点多集中于合金微观组织调控,尤其是硬质相的引入及其尺寸形态改善等,且取得了一系列可观的成果。在硬质相引入方面,探索出各有优缺点的两种引入手段——原位合成法与外界加入法。其中,原位合成法一方面可在熔池反应中得到高热力学稳定性的陶瓷硬质相,另一方面也可在一定程度上强化合金组织。然而,由于熔池高温停留时间短,某些高熔点硬质相生成效率较低。虽外界加入法可有效解决这一问题,但是也需注意硬质相溶解烧损、硬质相与基体界面稳定性差等现象;在硬质相形态控制方面,不少学者探索出合金成分、熔覆制备工艺对硬质相含量、尺寸形态、生长方向的影响。对于合金成分,调整Cr和C的质量比(以下均简称为Cr/C值)或增加C含量可提高碳化物的体积分数,适Hard facing alloy layers with high wear-resistance can repair and strengthen the surface of worn workpiece,which is prepared at failure position through cladding and spraying technology usually.This method is not only economical and convenient,but also can improve the service life of workpiece effectively.In surface repairing process,it is extremely important for selecting the composition of hard facing alloy.Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloy,is one of the typical Fe-based surface-repair materials,which has been widely used in the surface repairing and strengthening of diverse engineering and mining wear-parts.Compared to other hard facing alloy with different composition,Fe-Cr-C exhibit several notable advantages including low cost,excellent and balanced strength,toughness,wear-resistance,wide adjustable range of performance,which can satisfy the surface repairing and strengthening of a variety of wear conditions.Regarding the traditional Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloys,the acquisition of certain wear resistance relies on the formation of several high-hardness phases like M 3C,M 23 C 6,M 7C 3,and high carbon martensite during solidification.However,in actual wear conditions,there are abrasives like SiC and Al 2O 3 which show higher hardness than the alloys.More importantly,with the emergence of a variety of new and high technologies in recent years,the transformation and upgrading of a large number of mechanical equipment specifications have become an irresistible trend,which makes various wear-resistant parts to confront more severe service conditions.Therefore,the wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C hard facing alloys needs to be further improved.In order to solve this problem,most of the researches at home and abroad focus on the control of alloy microstructure,especially the introduction of hard phases and the improvement of their size and morphology.A series of considerable research achievements have been obtained.In the aspect of hard phase introduction,two methods,in-situ synthesis and external addition,are proposed.Through th

关 键 词：Fe-Cr-C系硬面合金 硬质相 合金强化 碳化物形态 

分 类 号：TG141[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]