搅拌摩擦加工制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状及展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Manufacturing Particles Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites by Friction Stir Processing

作　　者：席小鹏 王快社[1,2] 王文[1,2] 彭湃[1,2] 乔柯[1,2] 余良良 XI Xiaopeng;WANG Kuaishe;WANG Wen;PENG Pai;QIAO Ke;YU Liangliang(School of Metallurgy Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055;State Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学功能材料加工国家地方联合工程研究中心,西安710055

出　　处：《材料导报》2018年第21期3814-3822,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51574192;U1760201;51404180)

摘　　要：铝合金作为现代工程和高新技术领域发展的关键材料之一,具有密度小、比强度和比刚度高、耐蚀性好等特点。通过在铝基体中添加增强相颗粒,制备得到的颗粒增强铝基复合材料既有铝合金良好的强度、韧性、易成形性等特点,又有颗粒的高强、高模等优点,是近年来应用最广的一类金属基复合材料。目前,制备铝基复合材料的方法主要有粉末冶金法、铸造以及超声波法等,但这些方法在制备过程中需要较高的温度,颗粒与金属基体容易发生不良的界面反应,从而影响界面结合效果,降低复合材料的性能。搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)作为一种新型的固相加工技术,可同时实现材料微观组织的细化、致密化和均匀化。目前,FSP直接法已在铝基复合材料制备方面取得应用,主要是将增强相颗粒通过打盲孔或开槽的方式预置在金属基体内再进行FSP,进而制备出高致密度的颗粒增强铝基复合材料。因为FSP过程的温度低,颗粒与铝基体不会发生界面反应,所以该方法也被用于制备具有形状记忆效应(SME)的铝基功能复合材料。近年研究结果表明,颗粒相对FSP制备的铝基复合材料晶粒细化起到显著作用,这有助于提高复合材料的拉伸强度、显微硬度及疲劳强度等力学性能。随着颗粒含量的增加和颗粒尺寸的减小,复合材料的力学性能得以增强。再者,减小颗粒尺寸有利于改善颗粒与基体之间的结合。另外,通过优化搅拌头的结构、形状和尺寸,以及FSP工艺参数,已经可以实现加工后颗粒相在基体中的均匀分布。鉴于搅拌摩擦加工(FSP)直接法在制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料方面所具备的短流程、高效能以及基体与增强相颗粒界面无杂质等优势,本文对目前FSP直接法制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料的最新研究现状进行了总结。主要综述了FSP制备颗粒增强铝基复合材料过程中颗粒的含量、类型及As one of the key materials for the development of modern engineering and high-tech fields,aluminum alloys are distinguished by the satisfactory characteristics such as low density,high specific strength,high specific stiffness and good corrosion resistance.By adding reinforcement particles to the aluminum matrix,we can obtain the composites which incorporate both the strength,toughness,formability of aluminum alloy,and high strength,high elastic modulus of reinforcement particles,and thus have in recent years imparted enormous application potential to these aluminum matrix composites.Currently,the prevailing methods for preparing aluminum matrix composites are powder metallurgy,casting and ultrasonication,etc.However,due to the high temperature during materials processing by those common methods,reinforcement particles and aluminum matrix are prone to react at the interface of the two phases.This will,in consequence,attenuate the interface bonding and cause properties deterioration.Friction stir processing(FSP),a new type of solid phase processing technology,can achieve synchronously microstructures refinement,densification and homogenization.At present,the FSP direct method has found application to the preparation of aluminum matrix composites.The main procedure is:preliminarily place the reinforcement particles into the aluminum matrix through making blind holes or grooves;and then,conduct FSP,so that high density particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites can be obtained.Due to the low temperature during FSP,there occurs no interface reaction between the particles and the aluminum matrix,therefore FSP is also used to fabricate the aluminum matrix functional composites with shape memory effect(SME).Recent studies have shown that the reinforcement particles contribute considerably to grain refinement of FSP aluminum matrix composites,which is beneficial to the improvement of mechanical properties such as tensile strength,microhardness and fatigue strength.It can be concluded that mechanical properties of th

关 键 词：搅拌摩擦加工 颗粒 铝基复合材料 均匀性 界面 增强相 

分 类 号：TG456[金属学及工艺—焊接]