公害犯罪中刑事推定的理性对待  

Rational Treatment on Criminal Presumption in Offences of Public Hazards

作　　者：王永浩[1] 段佳伟 WANG Yong-hao;DUAN Jia-wei(Criminal Justice School,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China;Loufan County People’s Procuratorate,Taiyuan 03330,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073 [2]娄烦县人民检察院,山西太原030300

出　　处：《山西警察学院学报》2018年第4期11-16,共6页Journal of Shanxi Police College

摘　　要：近年来以破坏环境资源保护罪为代表的公害犯罪层出不穷,传统的刑事司法实践对此捉襟见肘,为此有必要适度引介入刑事推定规则。实务中刑事推定常与形式推理混淆,应在理论上加以区分。在公害犯罪中适度确立刑事推定规则,作为事实认定的必要补充,同时也是刑法应对风险社会的内生需求。确立刑事推定规则必须论证其在无罪推定铁律下的正当性。在公害犯罪中适当建立刑事推定规则,与无罪推定原则合理分配举证责任的初衷并不必然排斥;通过降低刑事推定的反证要求,不会过分加重被告人负担,也可以被公众接受,因而能够在最大化保护法益的同时,有效地保障人权;公害犯罪中原则上只能确立可反驳型推定规则。Offences of public hazards typified with the crime of impairing the protection of environment and resources emerge endlessly in recent years.It seems hard for traditional criminal justice practice to deal with them.So it is necessary to introduce criminal presumption rules properly.In practice,criminal presumption is often confused with formal reasoning,which should be distinguished in theory.Criminal presumption rules are set up appropriately in offences of public hazards as the necessary supplement of facts recogni tion and the self-demand of criminal la*w in coping with risky society as well.To set up criminal presumption rule must prove the legitimacy of it in presumption of innocence.Proper establishment of criminal presumption rule in offences of public hazards is not necessarily repelling with the original intention of reasonable distribution of evidence burden in presumption of innocence.The defendant could not be taken more burdens and the public could accept easily through decreasing disproof demands of criminal presumption,which could assure the human rights and protect legal interest at the most as well.Only disputable presumption rule could be set up in theory in offences of public hazards.

关 键 词：公害犯罪 刑事推定 推理 无罪推定 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]