清初中西科学交流的一个非宫廷视角--法国耶稣会传教士殷弘绪的行迹与学术  

A Non-Courtier Perspective on Sino-Western Scientific Exchange in the Early Qing Period: The Career and Scholarship of Fran ?ois-Xavier Dentrecolles, French Jesuit Missionary in China

作　　者：吴蕙仪 WU Hui-yi

机构地区：[1]英国剑桥李约瑟研究所CB39AF,75006

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2018年第6期114-126,共13页Journal of Beijing administration institute

摘　　要：清初法国耶稣会传教士殷弘绪在华四十年,其撰著数量和涉猎范围均为清代在华耶稣会传教士翘楚,在科学史领域地位尤其重要,但其一生未在宫廷服务,未与中欧学术机构建立联系,并始终立足民间,奉行自下而上的传教策略。殷弘绪生平分为里昂时期(1683-1699年)、福建-江西时期(1700-1719年)、北京时期(1720-1741年)。其一生有关中国的西文著述分为服务宗教的传教学术和为法国工商业利益服务的世俗科学,前者包括与教会内外对手论战、对中国社会习俗和信仰的考察,后者包括对中国植物、手工业、医学知识的考察和介绍。在殷弘绪的在华生涯中,传教士身份始终压倒学者身份占据主导,学术有时服务于传教,但并非传教的手段。相反,其学术成就则主要在于利用传教士身份提供的条件,对中国本土知识进行记录和翻译。其利用的学术资源和关注的学术话题均有一定非宫廷色彩,这一典型案例为我们展示了宫廷以外的传教士学术研究,从而不仅丰富了中西交流史的叙事,也为理解中国民间的知识流动状况提供更多旁证。The French Jesuit missionary Franois-Xavier Dentrecolles lived for forty years in China.His scholarship,particularly in the field of science and technology,stands out from that of other Qing missionaries both in terms of amount and scope.However,he never served in the imperial court,as did some missionaries,and did not establish direct links with scholarly institutions in China or in Europe.As a missionary,he was a strong advocate of a bottom-up strategy of evangelization throughout his career.Dentrecolles’s career is divided into the Lyon period(1683-1699),the Fujian-Jiangxi period(1700-1719)and the Beijing period(1720-1741).His Western language writings on China follow a clear two-fold divide into missionary knowledge serving an evangelical purpose and secular science serving French industrial and commercial interests.The former included polemical writings against anti-clerical authors and observations of Chinese social practices and beliefs,while the latter consisted of reports on Chinese flora,craftsmanship and medicine.Primarily a missionary rather than a scholar,Dentrecolles’s scholarship was shaped by his missionary work,though he did not use science as a means for evangelization.His scholarly career was nonetheless facilitated by his position as a missionary which allowed him to access,record and translate Chinese knowledge.His scholarship was markedly that of a noncourtier in terms of fields of interests and intellectual resources.As a typical case of a missionary outside the court with significant scholarly output,Dentrecolles’s career not only enriches our understanding of Sino-Western exchange,but also offers rare evidence of knowledge circulation in the lower echelons of Chinese society.

关 键 词：殷弘绪 清初中西科学交流 传教士学术 

分 类 号：K249.2[历史地理—历史学]