规模化笼养蛋鸡舍冬季氨气和颗粒物排放特征研究  

Study of ammonia and particulate matter emission characteristics from large-scale cage layer house in winter

作　　者：王悦[1] 杨金凤[1] 薛文涛[1] 孙钦平[1] 朱志平[2] 田壮 李新荣[1] 邹国元[1] Wang Yue;Yang Jinfeng;Xue Wentao;Sun Qinping;Zhu Zhiping;Tian Zhuang;Li Xinrong;Zou Guoyuan(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第23期170-178,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0800804;2017YFD0801405;2018YFC0213303);国家自然科学基金(31702154);大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG0208);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20180708)联合资助

摘　　要：畜禽养殖的氨气(NH3)和颗粒物(particulatematter,PM)排放已成为危害人畜健康,并可能造成环境风险的重大问题。该文选择北京郊区一典型规模化蛋鸡养殖舍,对典型冬季条件下蛋鸡舍的NH3和PM排放进行了连续8d的监测;并根据二氧化碳平衡原理,对NH3及PM的排放通量进行了估算。研究结果表明,蛋鸡舍出风口处NH3平均质量浓度为(4.58±3.29)mg/m3,每只鸡NH3排放通量为(32.2±12.5)mg/d。蛋鸡舍出风口处PM2.5、PM10和总悬浮颗粒物(total suspended particulates, TSP)质量浓度为(0.13±0.06)、(0.81±0.16)、(3.28±1.32)mg/m3,每只鸡PM2.5、PM10和TSP排放通量分别为(0.7±0.4)、(6.3±1.4)、(27.6±12.5)mg/d。氨气以及PM的排放均随着舍内1次/2 d的机械清粪频率呈现2 d的周期变化趋势。除清粪作业、鸡群日间活动等影响外,舍内PM2.5浓度一定程度上受舍外环境本底值影响。舍内PM2.5与PM10的比例在10.4%~20.4%之间。舍内PM2.5颗粒上所含的K+、Mg2+含量均显著高于舍外环境本底PM2.5(P<0.05)。同时舍内及舍外PM2.5颗粒上解析出来的阳离子所带的电荷量均高于阴离子。研究结果可为畜禽养殖NH3和PM排放清单的编制提供基础参数;同时对畜禽舍PM的组分研究,可为后续开展二次无机气溶胶形成机理以及颗粒物源解析的研究提供支撑。The ammonia(NH3)and particulate matter(PM)emissions from livestock farming have been an important issue for influencing the animal health and social environment.Among the different livestock categories,the layer production has been proven to have higher NH3 and PM emission potentials when compared with cattle or pig rearing.Also,with the increasing demand of egg protein due to urbanization during these years in China,layer production has become an important industry in North China region,causing the layer production to be an important NH3 and PM emission source in this region.However,with the upgrade of livestock house structure and farm management,also the deeper knowledge of PM hazard on health,as well as the high intention on the relationship between the NH3 emission and the haze event,the former monitoring information of NH3 and PM emissions in livestock house can’t meet the urgent demand for evaluating and mitigating of the livestock NH3 and PM emissions nowadays.In this study,the NH3 and PM emissions(including PM2.5,PM10 and total suspended particulates(TSP))from a typical large-scale cage layer house(100 000 birds per house)in suburb Beijing were monitored for a consecutive eight days during winter,and the NH3 and PM emission fluxes were estimated based on carbon dioxide balance method.The results showed that,the average NH3 concentration of the air outlet from the layer house was(4.58±3.29)mg/m^3,and the NH3 emission flux per bird was(32.2±12.5)mg/d.The PM2.5,PM10 and TSP concentrations of the air outlet were(0.13±0.06),(0.81±0.16),(3.28±1.32)mg/m^3,respectively;while the emission fluxes per bird were(0.7±0.4),(6.3±1.4),(27.6±12.5)mg/d,respectively.The NH3 and PM emissions of the layer house showed an emission trend of a two days cycle,which was in accordance with the two days manure clean frequency indoor.The indoor TSP and PM10 concentrations during the daytime were obviously higher than those of nighttime.In the days with manure belt cleaning,the concentrations of TSP,PM10 and PM2.5 during da

关 键 词：氨气 颗粒物 监测 蛋鸡舍 排放浓度 排放通量 水溶性离子 

分 类 号：S851.24[农业科学—预防兽医学]