荞麦籽粒生物力学性质及内芯黏弹性试验研究  

Experimental study on biomechanical properties of buckwheat grain and viscoelastic properties of buckwheat powder

作　　者：孙静鑫 郭玉明[1] 杨作梅[1] 崔清亮[1] 武新慧[1] 张燕青[1] Sun Jingxin;Guo Yuming;Yang Zuomei;Cui Qingliang;Wu Xinhui;Zhang Yanqing(College of Engineering,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学工学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第23期287-298,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0701801)

摘　　要：针对可供相关作业机械设计参考的荞麦籽粒生物力学性质指标可用参数缺乏的现状,该文研究了优种荞麦籽粒的常规力学性质及芯粉黏弹性力学性质,并对相关影响因素进行了分析。试验测定了不同品种荞麦籽粒在不同含水率下的三轴尺寸、千粒质量、容重等基本物性参数,采用斜面仪、休止角测定装置测定了荞麦籽粒的滑动摩擦系数及休止角,应用DMA(Q800)动态力学性能分析仪测定了荞麦(粉状)的动态黏弹性,运用物性分析仪测定了荞麦籽粒的破坏力、破坏能等力学性质,利用摆锤式动载试验机测定了荞麦籽粒所能承受的最大撞击载荷。结果表明:同一品种荞麦籽粒的长、宽、高、千粒质量、几何平均径均随含水率的降低而减小,容重随着含水率的降低而增大;摩擦系数随含水率的降低而减小,籽粒与Q235钢板的摩擦系数最大,与7075铝合金板的次之,与304不锈钢板的最小;休止角随含水率的降低而减小;随着含水率的降低,破坏力、表观弹性模量和最大接触应力逐渐增大,变形量逐渐减小,破坏能呈上升趋势。而在相同含水率下,不同品种荞麦籽粒的物性参数及上述力学特性参数均呈现极显著差异(P<0.0001)。荞麦粉末的储能模量随含水率的降低而增大,弹性性能提高,损耗模量和损耗正切随含水率的降低而减小,黏性性能降低。同一品种荞麦在相同含水率下,撞击载荷越大,破碎率越高;同一撞击载荷下,随着含水率的降低,籽粒的破碎率先减小后增大。研究结果可为荞麦收获及加工装备研制、参数优化提供基础依据。Buckwheat belongs to Fagopyrum mill,which is one of the grain crops in China.Buckwheat is rich in protein,fat and other nutrients,as well as food fiber,sugar alcohol,phenolic acids,bioflavones and other disease-resistant ingredients.In recent years,buckwheat has become the preferred functional staple food for people which with cardiovascular disease and diabetes and are highly recommended for its high medicinal and edible value by the public.At present the mechanized production level of buckwheat is relatively low.The stress modes of relative working parts on grain are extrusion,impact,kneading and so on during the design process of buckwheat segmenting,combined harvesting,threshing,husking,milling,processing and other equipment.Therefore,the selection of design parameters for key components requires a comprehensive mastery of the conventional biomechanical properties that contain compress,impact and friction of different buckwheat grains.Viscoelastic properties of buckwheat powder were studied in this paper:1)Basic physical parameters that contain triaxial size,1000-grain weight and bulk weight of different buckwheat varieties(Jinqiao-1,Yuqiao-4,Heifeng-1,Heifeng-10,Zhaoku-1 and Chuanqiao-1)with different moisture content(22.8%,19.4%,15.6%,13.2%,11.1%)were measured.The results showed that the length,width,height,1000-grain weight and geometric mean diameters of buckwheat grain decreased as the moisture content decreased,and the bulk density increased as the moisture content decreased.The Fagopyrum esculentum moench length,width and thickness range from 6.16 mm to 6.87 mm,4.16 mm to 4.60 mm,3.87 mm to 4.32 mm,and 1000-grain weight range from 32.34 g to 37.70 g,respectively.The Fagopyrum tataricum length,width and thickness range from 4.39 mm to 5.90 mm,3.10 mm to 3.90 mm,2.93 mm to 3.61 mm,and 1000-grain weight range from 21.32 g to 27.67 g,respectively.2)The static sliding friction coefficient and the angle of repose of buckwheat grain were measured by inclined plane instrument and repose angle measuring device.

关 键 词：生物力学 黏弹性 摩擦 荞麦籽粒 

分 类 号：S515[农业科学—作物学] S220.1