辅助充种种盘玉米气吸式高速精量排种器设计  

Design of air suction high speed precision maize seed metering device with assistant seed filling plate

作　　者：丁力 杨丽[1,2] 刘守荣 颜丙新[1,2] 何贤桃[1,2] 张东兴 Ding Li;Yang Li;Liu Shourong;Yan Bingxin;He Xiantao;Zhang Dongxing(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Soil-Machine-Plant System Technology of Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]农业部土壤-机器-植物系统技术重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第22期1-11,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划"精量播种技术装备研发"(2017YFD0700703);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51575515);国家玉米产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02)

摘　　要：针对气吸式玉米精密排种器工作速度提高时充种效果不佳,从而导致作业漏播严重、风压需求量大等问题,设计了一种具有辅助充种作用种盘的玉米气吸式高速精量排种器。该排种器在充种区能够利用型孔凸台扰动种群和托持种子,起到辅助充种作用;在卸种区种子能够在型孔凸台推动力和卸种轮顶出力的作用下均匀排种。分析了排种器的工作区域,计算了排种器关键结构参数。运用EDEM(engineering discrete element method)软件仿真分析了不同种盘对种群的扰动情况,选取种群颗粒距种盘的平均距离、种群的平均速度、不同角速度下平均速度均值3个指标,得出所设计种盘能够有效增强种群离散程度,起到扰种的作用。加工试制了仿真所用的4种种盘,以速度、风压、种盘为因素,进行了3因素正交试验,通过极差分析和方差分析,确定了影响合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数的关键因素,并选取效果较好的种盘进行回归分析,通过回归方程得出所设计排种器在8、10、12、14 km/h作业速度下的最佳作业参数,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:所设计的排种器能够有效提高合格指数,降低高速作业漏播指数,在作业速度8～14 km/h时,风压为-3.21～-3.71 kPa之间时,合格指数均能达到91.3%以上,漏播指数均小于5.1%,重播指数均小于3.6%,各项指标优于国标要求,能实现有效排种。Aiming at the increase of working speed,the seed filling of air suction precision maize seed metering device is not good,which leads to the serious missing seeding and high demand for wind pressure.A new type of air suction high speed precision maize seed metering device with assistant seed filling plate was designed.The seed metering device could use the type hole embossement to disturb the seeds in the filling area,and play the assistant filling effect.In the clearing and carrying areas,the seeds could be held to reduce the possible falling from the seed plate;the seeds in the seed unloading area could be planted evenly under the power of the type hole luge.The design of type holes must ensure adequate seed filling,effective seed cleaning and smooth seed metering.To realize the assistant filling of the air suction seed plate by using the type hole embossment to disturb and support the seeds,the working area of seed metering device was analyzed,and the key structural parameters of seed metering device were calculated.It is necessary to increase the seeds disturbance with the assistant filling.The rotation of the seed plate is faster under the high speed condition,the contact time of seeds with type hole is short,the seeds are not easy to be adsorbed,and the disturbance of the seed is beneficial to the contact of the single seed with type hole,so the disturbance performance of the seed plate will directly affect the seed filling performance of the seed plate.The simulation analysis of seeds disturbance was carried out by using EDEM(engineering discrete element method)software.A three-dimensional model was established in SolidWorks based on the shape characteristics of 1000 seeds,and then a multi spherical composite filling method was used in EDEM to make it stacked into particles close to the outline of the seed,as the simulated particle body of the maize seed.The average distance of the two seeds,the average speed of the seeds and the mean velocities of the seeds under different angular velocities were evaluated

关 键 词：种子 农业机械 回归分析 玉米 气吸式排种器 EDEM 辅助充种 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]