黄土高塬沟壑区植被自然恢复年限对坡面土壤抗冲性的影响  

Effect of natural vegetation restoration age on slope soil anti-scourability in gully region of Loess Plateau

作　　者：郭明明 王文龙 康宏亮[1] 杨波 Guo Mingming;Wang Wenlong;Kang Hongliang;Yang Bo(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第22期138-146,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41571275;41302199);国家自然科学基金重大项目(41790444/D0214);中国科学院西部行动计划(KZCX-XB3-13);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZZD-EW-04-03)

摘　　要：为评价黄土高塬沟壑区坡面植被自然恢复对土壤抵抗径流侵蚀性能的影响,以农地为对照,通过野外原位冲刷试验研究了不同植被恢复年限(0～28 a)的坡面土壤抗冲性变化及其与土壤性质和根系密度的关系。结果表明,1)土壤各项性质均随恢复年限的增加不断改善,其中土壤容重和崩解速率随恢复年限呈递减的指数函数关系(P<0.01),而饱和导水率、有机质含量、水稳性团聚体、MWD及各直径根系密度则随年限以线性或指数方式递增(P<0.01)。2)植被恢复3 a的坡面土壤抗冲性较农地增加不显著(P>0.05),恢复3a后土壤抗冲性显著增加1.98～9.82倍(P<0.05),且土壤抗冲性与恢复年限呈极显著线性关系(R2=0.98,P<0.01)。3)土壤抗冲性与容重和崩解速率呈显著的负相关关系,与饱和导水率、有机质含量、水稳性团聚体及MWD则呈极显著正相关关系;抗冲性与根系密度的关系可采用Hill曲线模拟,<0.5 mm是提高抗冲性的最有效根系直径。4)土壤抗冲性的提高与土壤性质的改善和根系密度的增加密切相关,土壤容重、团聚体稳定性(MWD)及<0.5 mm根系密度是影响土壤抗冲性的关键因子。Some water and soil conservation projects were continuously conducted on the Loess Plateau since 1970s.Especially,in the gully region,some targeted measures were implemented in different geomorphic positions(gully heads,hill slopes and gully channel)to control soil and water loss.To investigate the effect of vegetation restoration age on soil anti-scourability,an in-situ runoff scouring experiment was carried out in grasslands of five natural vegetation restoration ages with the slope farmland as CK.This study explored the variations in soil anti-scourability(ANS)with vegetation restoration years and its relationships with soil properties and root characteristics.In this study,soil properties of soil bulk density(SBD),saturated hydraulic conductivity(SHC),soil organic matter content(OMC),soil disintegration rate(SDR),soil particle size distribution and water-stable aggregate(WSA)and root mass densities(RD)of different root diameters(<0.5,0.5-1.0,1.0-2.0,>2.0 mm)were sampled and measured in each site.Each soil property and root index was repeated three times for each sampling site.The scouring experimental plot size was set as 2.0 m×0.25 m to test soil anti-scourability,which included flow transition section(0.5 m length)and soil test section(1.5 m length).The flow discharge was determined as 10 L/min.The results indicated that 1)Vegetation restoration could significantly improve soil properties.The SBD generally decreased after 3 years restoration,and the SDR decreased 28.85%~88.22%compared with the CK(slope farmland).The SBD and SDR exponentially decreased with the increase of restoration time(P<0.01).The SHC,OMC,WSA and MWD were 0.85-4.25 times,1.12-5.61 times,13.36%-91.82%and 10.18%-145.16%greater than those of the CK,respectively,and the four indicators linearly increased with the restoration time increasing(P<0.01).Moreover,the RD of different root diameters(<0.5,0.5-1.0,1.0-2.0,>2.0 mm)also exponentially increased with the increase of restoration time(P<0.01).2)Vegetation restoration could create more stab

关 键 词：土壤 侵蚀 植被恢复 抗冲性 根系密度 黄土高原 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]