我国北方土壤风蚀力时空特征分析  

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Wind Erosion Forces in Northern China

作　　者：韩柳 王静璞 柴国奇 王光镇 王周龙 HAN Liu;WANG Jing-pu;CHAI Guo-qi(College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Ludong University,Yantai,Shandong 264025)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2018年第32期59-65,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(41701005);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017PD006)

摘　　要：利用1971—2011年北方风蚀区146个气象站的逐时风速资料,将5 m/s以上风速划分为和风、强风、大风、狂风4个等级,采用线性趋势分析、小波分析、M-K突变检验分析和空间相似度分析等方法分析了该地区不同等级土壤风蚀力时空分布特征,并讨论了与平均风速的时空相关性。结果表明,在空间分布上和风时数与强风时数空间分布相似,内蒙古锡林郭勒盟西部、乌兰察布和包头市北部为高值区,新疆天山山脉以南为和风和强风时数的低值区,除新疆天山以北,大部分地区大风和狂风时数极少; 4个等级风速平均时数季节变化规律均为春夏秋冬递减,风速等级越高,累计时数越少,季节与地区间的差异越小;在时间变化上,和风、强风、大风和狂风年总时数和四季时数均呈现减少趋势,四季间有明显差异;和风、强风和大风时数变化的主周期均为28年,而狂风时数变化的主周期为11年;和风与平均风速呈现较好的时空相关性,基本可以反映平均风速的时空变化。Using the hourly wind speed data of 146 meteorological stations in the northern wind erosion area from 1971 to 2011,the wind speed above 5 m/s was divided into four levels:moderate breeze,strong breeze,fresh gale and whole gale.The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of different grades of soil wind erosion in this area were analyzed by linear trend analysis,wavelet analysis,M-K mutation analysis and spatial similarity analysis,and the temporal and spatial correlation with average wind speed was discussed.The results showed as follows:From the spatial distribution of the display,moderate breeze and strong breeze hours were similar.The western part of Xilinguole and the northern part of Wulanchabu and Baotou was high value region,the south of the Tianshan mountains in Xinjiang was the low value region.For fresh gale and whole gale,except for the north of Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang,there were very few hours in most regions.The average seasonal variation of moderate breeze,strong breeze,fresh gale and whole gale was decreasing in proper order of spring,summer,autumn and winter.The higher wind speed grade was,the less the accumulated time was,and the smaller the difference between season and area was.The hours of moderate breeze,strong breeze,fresh gale and whole gale showed decreased trends without exception.The total annual and seasonal hours of moderate breeze,strong breeze,fresh gale and whole gale showed a decreasing trend,and there were significant differences between the four seasons;the hours of moderate breeze,strong breeze and fresh gale exhibited quasi-periodic variations of around 28 year,but the main period of whole gale was around 11 years.There was a good correlation between average wind speed and moderate breeze.Therefore,the temporal and spatial variation of average wind can be basically reflected by the hours of moderate breeze.

关 键 词：土壤风蚀力 累计时数 时空特征 北方风蚀区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]