秸秆生物炭对水稻生长及滩涂土壤化学性质的影响  

Improving the coastal mudflat soil chemical properties and rice growth using straw biochar

作　　者：张继宁[1,2] 周胜 李广南[3] 孙会峰 ZHANG Ji-ning;ZHOU Sheng;LI Guang-nan;SUN Hui-feng(Institute of Eco-environmental Protection Research,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai 201403,China;Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Low-carbon Agriculture,Shanghai 201415,China;College of Chemistry and Bioengineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Yongzhou 425100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心,上海201415 [3]湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院,湖南永州425100

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2018年第6期492-499,共8页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41601315;41375157);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD11B02)

摘　　要：为改善滨海滩涂土壤结构和性质,提高其保肥供肥能力。本研究单施秸秆生物炭,并按滩涂土壤湿质量的5%、10%、15%和20%的比例将生物炭与滩涂土壤混匀,连续两年考察一次性施用生物炭以及生物炭改良滩涂土壤的效果。调查了两个稻季的水稻产量和谷草比,并监测了两个稻季土壤性质的动态变化。结果表明:适宜地添加秸秆生物炭增加了水稻产量、提高了谷草比;增加了土壤电导率(EC)和阳离子交换量(CEC);提高了土壤碳、氮含量,但在稻季休闲期,土壤中碳、氮会发生矿化而引起碳、氮含量减少;生物炭的添加对滩涂土壤pH没有显著影响。研究表明,滩涂土壤施加秸秆生物炭可以改善土壤结构,培肥地力,在消化大量农作物秸秆的同时为粮食产区的发展分担压力。In this research,straw biochar was added to the coastal mudflat soil in amounts of 5%,10%,15%or 20%(m/m,wet weight)to improve soil fertility.The rice grain yield and the grain-straw ratio were recorded for two years.And the soil properties were also investigated to evaluate the effects of biochar on rice plant growing and soil properties.The results showed that the rice grain yield and the grain-straw ratio were increased with the appropriate biochar amount amended.Straw biochar also increased soil electrical conductivity(EC)and cation exchange capacity(CEC).The contents of soil total carbon and soil nitrogen were improved with biochar amended comparing with that of control although their values decreased due to mineralization during soil fallow.No significant effects of biochar were obtained on soil pH.It is an environmental friendly approach to improve coastal mudflat soil fertility using straw biochar as it has the ability of carbon immobilization and improvement of soil fertility.

关 键 词：滩涂土 秸秆生物炭 水稻 土壤培肥 矿化 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]