基于SWAP模型的耕地-盐荒地-沙丘-海子水盐动态分析  

Dynamic analysis of water and salt in cropland-saline alkali land-sand dunes-lake area based on SWAP model

作　　者：曾揭峰 刘霞[1] 李就好[2] 夏玉红[3] 王丽萍[1] ZENG Jie-feng;LIU Xia;LI Jiu-hao;XIA Yu-hong;WANG Li-ping(Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Bayannur Water Research Institute,Bayannur 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]华南农业大学水利与土木工程学院,广州510642 [3]巴彦淖尔市水利科学研究所,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《农业资源与环境学报》2018年第6期540-549,共10页Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51169013;51869019)

摘　　要：为探讨盐荒地、沙丘和海子对耕地排盐的作用和机理,于2013—2016年在内蒙古河套灌区张连生研究区展开试验,利用土壤水分、盐分以及地下水盐分、埋深变化的观测数据,经SWAP模型率定和验证,对试验区水盐动态变化进行模拟和分析。结果表明,SWAP模型能够较好地反映试验区各地土壤水盐的垂直动态变化规律。模型验证结果显示,土壤水分的均方根误差均小于0.03 cm^3·cm^(-3),土壤盐分均方根误差均小于0.12 g·kg^(-1),且二者平均相对误差均小于16%。地下水动态分析表明试验区地下水走向基本为从西北流向东南。研究表明,耕地含水量受灌水影响较大,水分逐渐向深层渗漏并侧向补给盐荒地和沙丘。沙丘表层含水量低,而深层水分可侧向补给耕地、盐荒地。耕地盐分在灌溉期向盐荒地和沙丘运移,最终汇集到海子,盐荒地在作物的生育期积累盐分,而盐分在秋浇期流失。耕地和盐荒地的地下水在灌溉期侧向补给沙丘和海子,非灌溉期由沙丘的地下水侧向补给耕地、盐荒地及海子。In order to explore the action and mechanism of saline-alkali land,sand dunes and lake on salinity discharge of cropland,an experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2016 at Zhangliansheng research area,which located in the Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia.This experiment utilized variable observed data of soil moisture and salinity as well as groundwater salinity and burial depth to simulate and analyze dynamic change of soil moisture and salinity via calibration and validation of SWAP model.The results showed that SWAP model could better reflect the vertical dynamic change law of soil moisture and salinity in the test area.Model validation results showed that the root mean square error(RMSE)of soil moisture was less than 0.03 cm^3·cm^-3,the RMSE of soil salinity was less than 0.12 g·kg^-1,and the mean relative error(MRE)of both were less than 16%.The groundwater dynamic analysis showed that the groundwater trend in the test area was basically from northwest to southeast.The research showed that the water content of cropland was greatly affected by irrigation water,and the moisture gradually seeped into the deep layer and then laterally replenished saline-alkali land and sand dunes.The surface water content of sand dunes was low,while the deep water could laterally replenish cropland and saline-alkali land.Salinity of cropland migrated to saline-alkali land and sand dunes during the irrigation period,and finally gathered in lake.Salinity was accumulated in saline-alkali land during the growth period of crops,while it was lost during the autumn irrigation period.The groundwater of cropland and saline-alkali land laterally replenished sand dunes and lake in irrigation period,while the groundwater of sand dunes could laterally replenish cropland,saline-alkali land and lake in non-irrigation period.

关 键 词：耕地-盐荒地-沙丘-海子 SWAP模型 水盐动态 地下水动态 

分 类 号：F323.21[经济管理—产业经济]