杭州城市多级通风廊道体系构建初探  

Primary exploration for construction of urban multilevel ventilation corridors system in Hangzhou

作　　者：俞布[1,2] 贺晓冬[3] 危良华[4] 陈亮[5] 周雯 YU Bu;HEXiaodong;WEI Lianghua;CHEN Liang;ZHOU Wen(Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Hangzhou Meteorological Bureau, Hangzhou 310051,China;Institute of Urban Meteorology,China Meteorolo^gical Administration,Beijiiig 100089,China;Architectural Design and Research Institute ooZhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Bureau of Hangzhoo CV'Planning,Hangzhoo 310026,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]杭州市气象局,杭州310051 [3]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089 [4]浙江工业大学建筑规划设计研究院,杭州310014 [5]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [6]杭州市规划局城市规划编制中心,杭州310026

出　　处：《气象科学》2018年第5期625-636,共12页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：杭州城市气候规划基础研究项目

摘　　要：随着小城镇建设及城市总体规划修编的实施,基于城市通风廊道构建的生态环境效应成为当前城市生态规划研究的热点。以杭州为例,研究构建了集合城市气候观测、多尺度数值模拟、城市形态控制为一体的城市多级通风廊道系统,综合考虑能够表达或影响城市通风环境的多源评价指标,如分区风玫瑰、近地面风流场、城市风功能区及风流通潜力等。结论表明:杭州城市主导风空间差异明显,可划分为15个截然不同的风玫瑰分区。利用区域边界层模式(RBLM)耦合多层城市冠层模型提取多种地面风流场信息,并结合主导风观测综合划定杭州城市一级通风廊道。结合建筑覆盖率、迎风面系数和地表粗糙度综合评价城市风流通潜力,并将其作为杭州城市二、三级风道划定的辅助依据。同时,利用RNGκ-ε湍流模型验证风道对局部通风环境改善的有效性。最终,基于多源信息的空间叠置分析,综合构建了由6条一级风道、11条二级风道和12条三级城市绿廊构成的杭州城市多级通风廊道体系,为其他城市开展通风廊道研究提供了通用的技术方法,从而科学有效的服务于城市生态规划及管理。The process of rajidly develoj^ing urbanization has changed the surface roughnes and spatial structures of urban areas,and induced the worsening urban ventilated environment.The design of climatic factors such as urban ventilation in the early stage of urban planning is unreasonable,making it difficult to achieve urban restoration needed for improvement of ventilation environment after urban form has been established.Along Wth theconstrnction of small towns and thenew round master plan being implemented,the construction of eco-environment effect based on urban ventilation corridors has gradually become a research hotspot.Combining the urban climatology witli the theory of urban spatial structure,this study offers a new idea on urban planning management.Taking Hangzliou as an example,this study built a multi-level ventilation corridors system integrating urban dimatic observation,multi-scale numerical simulation and the controUing to urban form.The multi-source evaluation indexes such as partitioned wind rose plot^the surface wind field,the wind functional areas and urban ventilated potential that could reflect and influence ventilated environment were synthetically considered.The results indicate that the spatial differences of urban dominant winds are significant and divided into 15 regions.The characteristic of surface wind fields was extracted via region boundary layer model coupling multi-layer urban canopy model,and it can be used to designate the primary urban ventilation corridoe in Hangzhou.Meanwhile,theurban ventilated potential was evaluated for assisting in designating the secondary and three-level urban ventilation corridors,based on building coverage rate,upwind coefficient and surface roughnes indexes.The effectivenes for improving the ventilation was proved by application of actual examples using the RNGk-^turbulent model.After all,the urban multilevel ventilation corridoe systemof Hangzhou consists off pemae ventilation corridoe,11 secondar ventilation corridors and 12 urban geen cor

关 键 词：城市通风廊道 多尺度数值模拟 分区风玫瑰 风功能区 风流通潜力 

分 类 号：P456.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]