静止轨道闪电探测性能实验室验证技术研究  

Detectability Verification Technology Study in Lab of Instantaneous Random Point-source Multi-target Detecting Camera on the Geostationary Orbit

作　　者：李云飞[1] 鲍书龙[1] 王志强[1] 唐绍凡[1] 张如意[2] LI Yunfei;BAO Shulong;WANG Zhiqiang;TANG Shaofan;ZHANG Ruyi(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]上海卫星工程研究所,上海200240

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2018年第5期74-80,共7页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

摘　　要：在空间遥感领域,闪电是具有代表性的瞬态点源随机多目标,闪电与雷暴等强对流气象现象有着密切的联系,通过对闪电的观测可获取雷暴雨等强对流天气的分布、变化、定位、预报。作为有代表性的瞬态点源目标,通过对特定区域的闪电进行连续观察,可以统计出该区域闪电发生的频次和闪电发生周期等特征信息,从而为闪电的预报提供科学依据。由于缺少云顶闪电辐射、闪电分布、闪电瞬态特性等参数,地面模拟缓变的云层、陆地与海洋等背景和云顶闪电存在较大的困难,静止轨道闪电探测类相机的探测率(Lightning Detection Efficiency,LDE)、虚警率(False Alarm Rate,FAR)等探测性能验证由于目标特性的不确定性也变得更加困难。基于闪电信号及云背景的光学辐射特性参数,文章对闪电目标及云背景进行了模拟,实现了实验室闪电场景模拟系统。文章论述了在实验室中利用静止轨道闪电探测相机对模拟的云顶闪电和背景进行成像与探测的试验,通过对探测结果进行综合统计、比对与分析,验证静止轨道瞬态随机点源目标探测类相机的探测性能,为相机的交付和在轨运行提供有力的保障。As a typical kind of instantaneous random point source multi-target signal in space remote sensing field,lightning has close correlation with severe convection phenomena such as thunderstorm and etc.Lightning observation is available for acquiring the lightning characteristics,including its distribution,variation,position and forecasting.By observing the lightning phenomena at special area in continuous mode,the frequency and period of occurrence can be summed up statistically,thus providing scientific evidence for lightning forecasting.Lack of the lightning parameters such as cloud-top radiation,distribution and transient characteristics,it is difficult to simulate the slowly-changed cloud,cloud-top lightning and background including land and ocean.Similarly,due to the uncertainty of target properties,it is much more tough to validate lightning detection efficiency(DE)and false alarm rate(FAR)of lightning detection camera on geostationary orbit.In this paper,based on the characteristic parameters of lightning signal and cloud background,the lightning target and cloud background are simulated,and a lightning scene simulation system is implemented.How to use this kind of camera to test the simulated lighting signal and background is also discussed.From the comprehensive statistical contrast and analysis for the detection results,the detecting performance of the camera was validated,thus providing a powerful foundation for camera delivery and operation in orbit.

关 键 词：瞬态随机点源多目标 探测相机 探测率 虚警率 实验室验证 空间遥感 

分 类 号：V19[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]