冬季低温及海拔对晚熟脐橙采前果实枯水与品质的影响  

Effects of low temperature in winter and altitude on fruit granulation and quality of late navel orange during maturing period

作　　者：吴黎明[1,2] 蒋迎春[1] 何利刚[1] 王志静[1] 刘继红[2] 王策[2] 彭抒昂[2] 吴述勇[3] 廖胜才[3] WU Liming;JIANG Yingchun;HE Ligang;WANG Zhijing;LIU Jihong;WANG Ce;PENG Shu’ang;WU Shuyong;LIAO Shengcai(Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science/Fruit and Tea Branch,Hubei Innovation Center of Agricultural Science and Technologys,Wuhan 430064,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Zigui Specialty Technology Extension and Service Center,Hubei Province,Zigui 443600,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所/湖北省农业科技创新中心果树茶叶研究分中心,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [3]湖北省秭归县特产技术推广中心,秭归443600

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2018年第6期7-16,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：湖北省技术创新重大专项(2017ABA158);湖北省产业技术体系项目;湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2016-620-000-001-030)

摘　　要：为探讨冬季低温、海拔与留树晚熟脐橙果实枯水的关系及对果实品质的影响,分析了三峡库区秭归县不同年份冬季低温与果实枯水关系;在此基础上,考察了三峡库区秭归县不同海拔高度(520、380、220m)伦晚脐橙果实成熟期间(12月至次年6月)品质变化和枯水情况。结果表明:库区伦晚脐橙果实枯水的发生主要由冬季低温引起,高海拔处(520m)果实品质显著低于中、低海拔处(380～220m),其果实可溶性固形物含量、固/酸比值、含水量、果汁率等均较低,果面着色较差,随采收期的延长,果实水分含量逐渐降低以致枯水,果实在花期(4月下旬)和新梢生长期(5月上旬)枯水发生比例高,分别达到50.0%和38.8%,且枯水指数增加,枯水程度逐渐加重,中、低海拔处除6月有少量轻微枯水果实外,在试验期间均未观察到枯水果的发生。同时,初步探讨了伦晚脐橙冬季果实套袋对防止果实枯水的影响,认为果实套袋有助于减轻或防止果实枯水,使果实枯水发生率显著减少,降低至6.0%,而果实可食率、果汁率、可溶性固形物含量显著增加,果实外观着色和内在品质明显改善。The relationships between fruit granulation and low temperature in winter of different years in Zigui County of Three Gorges Reservoir Area were studied.The changes of fruit quality and fruit granulation in the late maturing navel orange fruit ripening period(from December to June)at different altitudes(520 m,380 m,220 m)in Zigui County of the Three Gorges Reservoir were investigated.The effect of the navel orange fruits bagging in the winter to prevent fruit granulation was studied.Results showed that fruit granulation of the late maturing navel orange in the Rservoir Area was mainly caused by the low temperature in winter.Fruit quality of high altitude(520 m)was significantly lower than that of middle and low elevations(380 m,220 m).At high altitude(520 m),the soluble solids content and solid acid ratio,water content,juice rate were low,and the fruit color was poor.Fruit water content and fruit granulation decreased with the harvest stage.The ratio of fruit granulation was high at the stage of flowering(late April)and shoot growth(early May),reaching 50.0%and 38.8%,respectively.The index of fruit granulation increased.The degree of fruit granulation aggravated gradually.A few fruit slightly granulated in middle June at low elevations.Fruit granulation didn’t occur in other time at low elevations.Fruits bagging helps reduce or prevent fruit granulation.The rate of fruit granulation decreased to 6.0%,while the content of fruit edible rate,fruit juice rate and soluble solids increased significantly,and fruit coloring and internal quality was improved significantly as well.

关 键 词：晚熟脐橙 果实枯水 果实品质 低温 海拔 

分 类 号：S666.4[农业科学—果树学]