中国锦葵科15属26个分类群植物花粉形态及其系统学意义  

Pollen Morphology of 26 Taxa from 15 Genera of Malvaceae in China and Its Systematic Significance

作　　者：彭焕文 周颂东[1] 何兴金[1] PENG Huanwen;ZHOU Songdong;HE Xingjin(College of Life Science,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610064,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,成都610064

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2018年第10期1832-1845,共14页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：四川大学2017年度"大学生创新创业训练计划"(201710610534)

摘　　要：该研究对中国锦葵科15属22种、2变种、2变型及外类群椴树科华椴的花粉形态特征进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察与比较分析,其中7属9种、2变种、2变型植物的花粉为首次光学显微镜观察报道,8属10种、1变种、2变型植物的花粉为首次扫描电镜观察报道,为该科植物的科下分类阶元(族、亚族、属)的划分及其演化关系的探讨提供花粉形态学依据。结果显示:(1)中国锦葵科15属植物的花粉粒均较大,圆球形,直径约54.4~211.5μm,表面具刺状纹饰,具散孔或孔沟;其演化趋势为从中等大小、3孔沟、具基部膨大的短尖刺的花粉向体积增大、多散孔、具基部平的长刺(有时具二型刺)的花粉演化。(2)锦葵科花粉的形态特征在科、族、亚族和属的划分上有较大的分类学意义,从花粉形态特征角度支持将锦葵科植物划分为4个族。翅果麻属和木槿族成员曾被放入木棉科中,但本研究表明翅果麻属和木槿族的花粉形态符合锦葵科的特征而与木棉科存在明显差异,因此认为宜将这2类群归于锦葵科,并将翅果麻属放到木槿族中。(3)花粉学证据支持棉族和锦葵族具较紧密的亲缘关系,锦葵族中的苘麻亚族可能是该科最原始的类群,梵天花族可能比木槿族更进化。Pollen morphological characters of 22 species,2 varieties and 2 forms from 15 genera of Malvaceae as well as Tilia chinensis of Tiliaceae were observed through light microscopy(LM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).Among these observed 26 taxa,pollen characters of 9 species,2 varieties and 2 forms from 7 genera under LM were first reported,and pollen characters of 10 species,1 variety and 2 forms from 8 genera under SEM were reported for the first time.The results indicate that:(1)the pollen grains of the observed 15 genera of the Chinese Malvaceae are usually large and spheroidal(dia.54.4-211.5μm)with spines,and aperture is colporate or pantoporate.The evolutionary trend of Malvaceae pollens is from a medium sized,3-zonocolporate pollen type with small,acute and bulbous-base spines to a larger polypantoporate pollen type with long,acute or blunt,flat-base and sometimes distinctly dimorphic spines.(2)The pollen morphological characters of Malvaceae have important taxonomic significance in the divisions of families,tribes,subtribes,and genera.Pollen characters support that Malvaceae can be divided into four tribes.Kydia and Hibisceae were ever placed in Bombacaceae,but their pollen morphological characters markedly differ from that of Bombacaceae.Instead,pollen characters support Kydia and Hibisceae as members of Malvacea and that Kydia can be placed in Hibisceae.(3)According to pollen morphology,we infer that Gossypieae and Malveae have a closer relationship and Abutilinae may be the most primitive group in the family,and Ureneae may be more advanced than Hibisceae.This study reports new pollen morphological characters and contributes to our knowledge on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Malvaceae.

关 键 词：锦葵目 锦葵科 花粉形态 系统学 光学显微镜 扫描电镜 

分 类 号：Q944.58[生物学—植物学]