海泡石对猪粪秸秆厌氧发酵产物中Cd的钝化效果研究  

Passivation effect of Cd by sepiolite in anaerobic fermentation products with pig manure and straw

作　　者：李轶[1] 曲壮壮 巩俊璐 宫兴隆 郭敬阳 张镇[1] 易维明[2] Li Yi;Qu Zhuangzhuang;Gong Junlu;Gong Xinglong;Guo Jingyang;Zhang Zhen;Yi Weiming(Engineering College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [2]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第B11期1-6,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：辽宁省自然基金面上项目(2015020635;20170540813)。

摘　　要：由于饲料添加剂的使用,畜禽粪便中重金属含量增加。因此,为降低厌氧发酵过程中的重金属污染风险,该文以猪粪和玉米秸秆混合为发酵原料,重金属Cd为研究对象,通过添加2.5%的海泡石作为钝化剂,在35℃的条件下进行为期60 d的发酵。利用H_2O、KCl、Na_4P_2O_7、Na OH、HNO_3分级提取法对有机碳含量和重金属Cd在有机质中的分布变化情况进行分析,结果表明:随着发酵的进行,沼渣中有机质含量呈现前中期迅速降低,后期缓慢降低的趋势,且添加钝化剂后沼渣中有机质含量降低;总可提取态有机碳在10%～20%之间,发酵过程中胡敏酸(humicacid,HA)所占比例明显增加,富里酸(fulvicacid,FA)所占比例明显降低,HA/FA也随之增大,说明添加海泡石提高了腐殖质的腐殖化程度;沼渣中所提取的Cd含量达到总量的80%以上,其中大部分的重金属Cd存在于腐殖质中。水溶态和可交换态重金属Cd所占比例随着发酵过程的进行会逐渐降低,矿物质态和残渣态逐步增加,并且添加海泡石这种增加趋势进一步增强;沼渣中腐殖质大部分Cd主要与FA结合。随着发酵的进行,HA含量增加,FA含量降低,HA/FA也逐渐增大,增强了腐殖质中Cd的稳定性,从而降低了沼渣中重金属Cd的毒害作用。因此猪粪秸秆混合厌氧发酵或在这个过程中添加2.5%海泡石作为钝化剂可减少重金属污染的风险。Livestock and poultry wastes are important sources of agricultural non-point source pollution.Although anaerobic fermentation is the most harmless,reduced and resourced use method for livestock waste,however,due to the use of feed additives,the content of heavy metals in livestock manure is increased,therefore,how to reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution in the biogas residue during anaerobic fermentation is still less studied.Therefore,the mixed raw materials of pig manure and corn stover were used as fermentation raw materials,and heavy metal Cd was used as research object.By adding 2.5%of sepiolite as a passivating agent,a fermentation test was carried out for 60 days at 35℃.The distribution of organic carbon and heavy metal Cd in organic matter were analyzed by H2O,KCl,Na4P2O7,NaOH and HNO3 fractionation methods.The results showed that the organic matter content in the biogas residue decreased rapidly in the start and middle stages of the fermentation progressed,then slow reduction in the later stage.The content of organic matter in the biogas residue decreased after the addition of passivating agent;the total organic carbon content extracted by H2O,KCl,Na4P2O7,NaOH and HNO3 were between 10%-20%during fermentation.The proportion of HA increased significantly,the proportion of FA decreased significantly,and HA/FA also increased,indicating that the addition of sepiolite increased the degree of humification of humus.The amount of Cd extracted from biogas residue reached 80%of the total amount.Most of the heavy metal Cd was presented in the humus(Na4P2O7 extraction state and NaOH extraction state),and their proportions were 20.69%-29.85%and 21.78%-29.9%,respectively.The proportion of water-soluble and exchangeable heavy metal Cd gradually decreased with the progress of fermentation process,the mineral state and residual state gradually increased.Most of Cd in the biogas residue before fermentation was primarily associated with FA of the humus.As the fermentation progressed,the HA content increased,the FA con

关 键 词：粪 秸秆 重金属 厌氧发酵 海泡石 有机质 

分 类 号：TP391[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]