新疆和田沙漠腹地日光温室环境测试与分析  

Thermal performance test and analysis of solar greenhouse in hinterland of Hetian desert,Xinjiang

作　　者：许红军[1,2] 李彦荣 崔拥民 蒋卫杰 邹志荣 Xu Hongjun;Li Yanrong;Cui Yongmin;Jiang Weijie;Zou Zhirong(College of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest,Ministry of Agriculture,Yangling 712100,China;Xinjiang Shatian Agricultural Comprehensive Development Co.,Ltd.,Hetian 848000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,农业部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,杨凌712100 [3]新疆沙田农业综合开发有限公司,和田848000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2018年第B11期60-65,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金“相变储能材料在非耕地日光温室中的应用初探”(2016D01B028)。

摘　　要：近年来,以和田沙漠区域日光温室为主的非耕地设施农业在新疆发展迅速并形成了一定规模。为明确沙漠区域日光温室冬季温光变化规律,以期为沙漠地区日光温室结构改进和作物管理提供参考,该文针对于沙漠腹地特殊环境下日光温室内部光温环境变化进行了测试与分析。结果表明:沙漠地区日光温室内外部光照强度大,晴天条件下光照强度20 000 lx以上时间长达5～6 h;温室内空气、地面温度波动大,最高气温、最低气温平均差值为26.6℃,最大为32.7℃,晴天地表温度在30℃以上的时间长达4～5 h,2月份最高可达40.3℃,呈现出"中午温度过高,夜间温度偏低,昼夜温差较大"的特点。晴天条件下,温室白天空气湿度为24%～84%,最小为24%,夜间空气湿度为84%～95%,受沙漠区域干燥环境的影响,夜间低温时,棚膜内表面无"结露"现象。沙漠地区日光温室能较好的将太阳能转化为热能且具有较好的保温能力,室内相对湿度小,可有效保证各种蔬菜、水果的生长发育,但蓄热能力较差,增加沙漠地区日光温室蓄热能力的相关研究亟待开展。Chinese solar greenhouse played an important role in Xinjiang protected horticulture.However,the land in Xinjiang is mainly“unutilized land”type,and the cultivated land resource is seriously insufficient,the development of Xinjiang protected agriculture was promoted towards Gobi,saline and alkali,desert and other non-cultivated land.In recent years,the desert greenhouse has begun to take shape.In order to clarify the thermal performence of solar greenhouse in desert areas,and provide a reference for the improvement of solar greenhouse structure and crop management in desert areas,the changes of light and temperature environment in the greenhouse under the special environment of desert hinterland(79.84°E,37.37°N)were tested and analysed in this paper.The results showed that the light intensity inside and outside the desert greenhouse were too large.Under sunny day conditions,the average light intensity was 24 204 lx and the maximum was 48 787 lx.The light intensity over 20 000 lx lasted for 5-6 h.The temperature of the air and ground in the greenhouse fluctuated greatly.The average difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature was 26.6℃,the maximum was 32.7℃.The ground surface temperature above 30℃lasted for 4-5 h and the maximum was 40.3℃in February,which showed the characteristics of“temperature is too high at noon,low at night,and temperature difference between day and night is large”.The surface temperature of the culture substrate was more moderate than the surface temperature fluctuation of sand.The lowest temperature was 15.9℃,the highest temperature was 27.9℃,and the temperature fluctuation of the ground and the substrate depth of 30 cm were small,which kept between 17 and 19℃.The use of substrate cultivation can effectively alleviate the high temperature on the surface.Under the condition of sunny days,the relative humidity of air in greenhouse was 24%-84%in daytime,the minimum is 24%,and 84%-95%at night.Due to the dry environment in the desert area,the low

关 键 词：温度 相对湿度 光照强度 日光温室 沙漠腹地 温室小气候 

分 类 号：S625.1[农业科学—园艺学]