面向自然语言空间方向关系查询的语义扩展框架  

An Semantics Extended Framework for Spatial Direction Relation Query Based on Natural Language

作　　者：张秀红 刘纪平[1,2] 王勇[2] 罗安[2] ZHANG Xiu-hong;LIU Ji-ping;WANG Yong;LUO An(School of Resource and Environment Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079;Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping,Beijing 100830,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学资源与环境科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]中国测绘科学研究院,北京100830

出　　处：《地理与地理信息科学》2018年第6期7-14,共8页Geography and Geo-Information Science

基　　金：国家基础测绘项目(2018KJ0305);中国测绘科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(7771817)

摘　　要：由于受空间对象的地理语义差异及空间关系认知差异的影响,目前面向自然语言的空间方向关系查询难以满足人们的应用需求。该文对传统的空间关系三元组进行语义扩展,提出了面向自然语言空间方向关系查询的扩展框架,通过自定义查询特征提取和推理规则,将用户查询意图从自然语言描述映射为物理计算模型,最后,结合地理本体库、查询规则库和空间数据库,实现了面向自然语言的空间方向关系查询系统。对比分析表明,该文提出的查询扩展框架在查询准确率和查询效率方面均优于传统模型。The spatial direction relation query based on natural language has always been a hot topic in GIS research.Due to the geographical semantic difference and the cognitive difference of spatial relationship,the spatial direction relation query is difficult to meet user′s query intention.In order to realize the comprehensive understanding of the user′s query intention,this paper proposes an extended framework for spatial direction relation query based on natural language by introducing some semantic features into the traditional three tuple model of spatial relationship,and presents an extraction algorithm of implicit information based on inference rules of direction relations.First,the traditional spatial relational triple is extended by analyzing and extracting the feature factors from the spatial direction relation model such as geometry type,relative scale,and partition manner.Then,the natural language spatial relationship query statement is mapped to the semantic extension framework.Next,the semantic information implied in the query statement is obtained by combining the geographic ontology and query feature reasoning rules,which realizes the mapping arithmetic from natural language expression to physical calculation model.An applicable calculation model would be selected based on the geometric representation of reference object and target object,and whether with a complete spatial object or its footprint for quantitative calculation according to the relative scale.The spatial direction relation physical model is instantiated based on the eigenvalues of the semantic extension framework,and the appropriate result set is calculated and then returned.Finally,a prototype system is implemented that supports natural language direction query.By contrast,the proposed model is superior to traditional model in accuracy and query efficiency.

关 键 词：空间方向关系 自然语言查询 语义扩展模型 地理本体 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程]