陕西省小麦白粉菌群体的毒性监测和年度动态变化  

Monitoring and dynamic change of virulence of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici population in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：刘伟[1] 王振花 曹学仁[3] 徐志[4] 史倩倩[1] 韩龙萍 范洁茹[1] 王保通[2] 周益林[1] LIU Wei;WANG Zhenhua;CAO Xueren;XU Zhi;SHI Qianqian;HAN Longping;FAN Jieru;WANG Baotong;ZHOU Yilin(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Environment and Plant Protection Institute,China Academy of Tropic Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture,Haikou 571101,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室,北京100193 [2]旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室,西北农林科技大学植物保护学院,杨凌712100 [3]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,农业部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,海口571101 [4]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《植物保护》2018年第6期158-161,共4页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0100102);国家自然科学基金(31671966)。

摘　　要：通过对陕西省近6年来的小麦白粉菌群体毒性监测结果表明,供试陕西省病菌群体对抗病基因Pm1c、Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm4c、Pm5b、Pm12、Pm13、Pm16、Pm21、Pm24、Pm30、Pm35、Pm40、Pm46、Pm2+Mld、Pm2+6、Pm4+8和Pm4b+5b的毒性频率均低于30%,是当前的有效抗病基因(组合);对抗病基因(组合)Pm1a、Pm3a、Pm3b、Pm3c、Pm3e、Pm3f、Pm5a、Pm6、Pm7、Pm8、Pm17、Pm19、Pm25和Pm1+2+9的毒性频率均高于70%,说明抗病性能较差,已不适合在育种和生产上使用。病菌群体对抗病基因Pm3d、Pm24、Pm35和Pm"XBD"毒性频率呈下降趋势,对Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm5b、Pm2+6、Pm4+8、Pm4b+5b呈上升趋势,应加强对其重点监测。监测发现,病菌群体对抗病基因Pm12、Pm16、Pm21和Pm46的毒性频率为0,对Pm1c为0.63%,表明这几个基因是目前最为有效的抗病基因,应加快对其合理利用的步伐。The virulence monitoring results of Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici population in Shaanxi Province in recent six years showed that the virulence frequencies of pathogen population to resistance genes Pm1c,Pm2,Pm4a,Pm4b,Pm4c,Pm5b,Pm12,Pm13,Pm16,Pm21,Pm24,Pm30,Pm35,Pm40,Pm46,Pm2+Mld,Pm2+6,Pm4+8 and Pm4b+5b were lower than 30%,indicating that these resistant genes were still effective.The virulence frequencies to the resistance genes Pm1a,Pm3a,Pm3b,Pm3c,Pm3e,Pm3f,Pm5a,Pm6,Pm7,Pm8,Pm17,Pm19,Pm25 and Pm1+2+9 reached above 70%,indicating these resistant genes were ineffective in Shaanxi Province.The virulence frequencies of Pm3d,Pm24,Pm35 and Pm“XBD”were on a downward trend in these years,while those of Pm2,Pm4a,Pm4b,Pm5b,Pm2+6,Pm4+8 and Pm4b+5b were on the rising trend,thus the pathogen population virulence monitoring should deeply concerned these rising resistance genes.In particular,the virulence frequencies of Pm12,Pm16 and Pm21 were zero,and Pm1c was only 0.63%,indicating these resistance genes are the most effective mildew resistance sources at present,and we should strengthen their application in wheat breeding and production.

关 键 词：小麦白粉菌 病菌监测 群体毒性频率 抗性基因 抗病育种 

分 类 号：S435.121[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]