3种海洋灾害事件对浙江北部三疣梭子蟹补充量的影响  

Effects of Three Major Marine Disasters on Recruitment of Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus in Sea Area of Northern Zhejiang Province

作　　者：孙洁 王迎宾 王小刚 SUN Jie;WANG Yingbin;WANG Xiaogang(School of Fisheries,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022

出　　处：《水产科学》2018年第6期728-734,共7页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2017YFA0604902);浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(2015C33094);舟山市科技局项目(2017C41012)

摘　　要：根据2000—2014年浙江北部海域三疣梭子蟹的生产统计和该海域的台风风级(代表当年台风风级总计)、赤潮面积(当年赤潮发生面积总计),以及厄尔尼诺等级(代表当年厄尔尼诺指数强弱)数据,基于广义可加模型对三疣梭子蟹资源补充量变动与以上海洋灾害事件的关系进行研究。研究结果表明,3个因子均能对浙江海域三疣梭子蟹的资源补充量产生影响。广义可加模型对三疣梭子蟹补充量总偏差解释率为80.2%,其中贡献最大的是台风风级,贡献率为56.3%;其次是赤潮面积,贡献率为21.2%;贡献最小的是厄尔尼诺等级,贡献率为2.7%。厄尔尼诺等级为20~40时,与三疣梭子蟹资源补充量呈正相关;厄尔尼诺等级为40~55时,呈负相关,可能是厄尔尼诺期间致使水温发生变化影响三疣梭子蟹的摄食强度。赤潮面积为2000~6000km2时,与梭子蟹资源补充量呈正相关,赤潮面积为6000~13 000km2时,呈负相关;赤潮影响水中溶解氧水平、水体质量、人类捕捞行为、梭子蟹天敌数量以及饵料的变动。台风风级在10~36时,与梭子蟹资源补充量呈负相关;36~55时,呈正相关,台风扰乱水流方向,影响水中营养盐的含量,也会影响人类的捕捞行为。研究结果可作为日后分析三疣梭子蟹资源变动规律和开展可持续性管理的参考。The effects of typhoon wind scale,red tide area and EI Ni o grade on recruitment of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and relationship between environmental changes due to marine disasters and fluctuations of production and recruitment of swimming crab was investigated in northern sea area in Zhejiang province by generalized additive model(GAM)based on the production statistics of swimming crab from 2000 to 2014 and the marine disaster data in northern sea area in Zhejiang province.The results showed that 3 marine disaster factors had the cumulative deviance explanation rate of 80.2%for the recruitment,the maximal contribution of typhoon wind scale with deviance explanation of 56.3%,the deviance explanation of 21.2%in area of red tide,and followed by the El Ni o grade with the contribution rate of 2.7%.There was positive relationship between EI Ni o grade and recruitment of swimming crab within 20-40 grade of EI Ni o and negative relationship between EI Ni o grade and recruitment of swimming crab within 40-55 grade of EI Ni o,which was contributed to changes in feeding intensity of swimming crab caused by water temperature changes during El Nino.There was positive relationship between red tide area and recruitment of swimming crab at red tide area of 2000-6000 km 2 and negative relationship between red tide area and recruitment of swimming crab at red tide area of 6000-13 000 km 2,which was owing to impact of the area of red tide on the dissolved oxygen saturation,water quality,catching,and enemy number and natural food of swimming crab.The negative relationship between typhoon wind scale and recruitment of swimming crab was observed at 10-36 scale of typhoon and positive relationship at 36-55 scale of typhoon,because typhoon disrupts the direction of the flow and affects the concentration of nutrients in the water and human fishing behavior.The findings provide reference with understanding and sustainable management of the crab resources.

关 键 词：三疣梭子蟹 补充量 海洋灾害事件 厄尔尼诺 台风 赤潮 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]