中华鲟主要细菌性疾病及其临床诊断与防控  

Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment on Main Bacterial Diseases in Chinese Sturgeon Acipenser sinensis

作　　者：田甜[1] 张德志[1] 杜合军[1] TIAN Tian;ZHANG Dezhi;DU Hejun(Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Fish Resources Protection in Three Gorges Project,Chinese Sturgeon Institute,China Three Gorges Corporation,Yichang 443100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团公司中华鲟研究所,三峡工程鱼类资源保护湖北省重点实验室,湖北宜昌443100

出　　处：《水产科学》2018年第6期800-805,共6页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31372537);中国长江三峡集团公司资助项目(Z1102).

摘　　要：2010—2017年以自然患病中华鲟为研究对象,用流行病学调查、病原学检验、病理解剖检验、体外药物筛选、临床治疗相结合的方法,分析总结中华鲟主要细菌性疾病的种类及其诊断与防控方法。研究结果表明,中华鲟细菌性疾病主要包括细菌性败血症、细菌性烂鳃病、肠炎病、花斑病、脓包病和腹水病,其中花斑病、脓包病和腹水病为新病;气单胞菌是中华鲟细菌性疾病的主要病原体,可导致细菌性败血症、肠炎病、花斑病和腹水病的发生;细菌性败血症与肠炎病诊断要点在于后者一般仅限于肠道充血明显,且肠道变薄、弹性差;细菌性败血症与腹水病的诊断要点在于后者主要发生于高温季节,且体表无明显疾病症状,解剖体腔内可见大量腹水,内脏非实质性充血;中华鲟细菌性疾病一般采用改善养殖环境、浸泡+内服相结合的方法进行防控。通过调查研究中华鲟细菌性疾病的基本情况,可为中华鲟人工保种过程中主要细菌性疾病的防治提供基础性资料。This article describes main types of bacterial lesions,diagnosis and control methods based on Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis with natural occurrence of diseases collected from 2010 to 2017 via epidemiological investigations,etiological tests,pathological anatomy tests,in vitro drug screening,and clinical treatment methods to provide basic information for prevention and control of major bacterial diseases in the process of artificial preservation of Chinese sturgeon.It was found that bacterial septic anemia,bacterial rotted gill disease,enteritis disease,piebaldism,pustular disease,and ascite disease were of major bacterial diseases in Chinese sturgeon,in which leaf piebaldism,pustular disease,and ascite disease were newly prevalent new diseases.Aeromonas is the main pathogen of bacterial disease in Chinese sturgeon leading to bacterial septicaemia,enteritis disease,piebaldism and ascite disease.The distinguish of bacterial septic anemia from enteritis disease was heavily dependent on the fact that the symptoms of enteritis disease were limited to intestinal congestion,thinning and poor elasticity.Bacterial septic anemia had different diagnostic points from ascite disease in that ascite disease was primarily prevalent in the hot season,no obvious symptoms in the body surface,and ascites,visceral insubstantial congestion in body cavity.Bacterial diseases in Chinese sturgeon are generally prevented and controlled by a comprehensive approach including improvement of aquaculture environment,soaking and oral administration of drugs.

关 键 词：中华鲟 细菌性疾病 诊断 防控 气单胞菌 

分 类 号：S943[农业科学—水产养殖]