产犊季节对北京地区荷斯坦奶牛Wood泌乳曲线参数的影响探究  

Effects of Calving Season on the Parameters of Wood Lactation Curve of Holstein Dairy Cow in Beijing Area

作　　者：亓建刚 杨湛澄 李想[2] 鄢新义 董刚辉 李锡智 黄锡霞[1] 王雅春[2] QI Jiangang;YANG Zhancheng;LI Xiang;YAN Xinyi;DONG Ganghui;LI Xizhi;HUANG Xixia;WANG Yachun(College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Sunlon Animal Husbandry Development Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [3]北京首农畜牧发展有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2018年第11期3167-3175,共9页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：现代农业(奶牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-37);长江学者和创新团队发展计划(编号IRT1191)

摘　　要：本研究通过对北京地区1998—2016年28个场区的奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)数据进行分析,旨在比较不同产犊季节对1～3胎奶牛泌乳曲线相关参数的影响。使用Wood模型对1～3胎不同产犊季节群体和个体泌乳曲线进行拟合,并获得相应胎次下不同产犊季节奶牛泌乳曲线参数a、b、c(分别代表泌乳潜力、产奶量上升至顶峰速率、产奶量达到顶峰后下降速率)、泌乳曲线二级参数Per、PY(分别代表泌乳持续力、泌乳峰值)及305d产奶量(305MY)。群体和个体水平的曲线拟合采用SAS 9.2中NLIN模块进行,采用混合线性模型分析不同产犊季节对各胎次奶牛泌乳曲线参数的影响。结果显示:产犊季节对Wood泌乳曲线的泌乳潜力、达到峰值的上升速率、达到峰值后的下降速率、泌乳峰值及305MY均有显著影响(P<0.05),对于泌乳持续力没有显著影响(P>0.05)。夏季产犊牛泌乳曲线整体低于其他产犊季节,且胎次越高趋势越明显,1胎牛受到的影响较小;从胎次上分析,头胎牛泌乳持续力极显著高于经产牛(P<0.01);头胎牛夏季产犊305MY比其他产犊季节的低274.33～490.17kg,经产牛夏季产犊305MY比其他产犊季节的低440.76～930.68kg。以上结果提示,北京地区牛场应注重做好经产牛和头胎牛的防暑降温工作,注意调整配种时间,避免夏季产犊牛过多,造成损失。This study was conducted to compare the effects of calving season on the parameters of lactation curve of Holstein dairy cow for parity 1 to 3 in Beijing 28 farm based on the dairy herd improvement(DHI)data from 1998 to 2016.Wood model was used to fit the lactation curve of parity 1 to 3 in different calving season groups and individuals,and obtain lactation curve parameters of dairy cows in different calving seasons under different parity.Lactation parameters include lactation potential(a),the rate of milk production increased to peak(b),milk production decline rate(c),lactation persistence(Per),lactation peak(PY)and estimated 305 d milk yield(305MY).The NLIN modules in SAS 9.2 were used for fitting Wood model lactation curve at group and individual level.The parameters of Wood curve were analyzed using a mixed linear model.The results showed that the calving season had a significant effect on parameters of lactation curve,derived parameters of PY and 305MY in the Wood lactation curve(P<0.05),but had no significant effect on derived parameters of Per(P>0.05).At the same time,for different calving seasons,the lactation curve of calves produced in summer was lower than that of other calving seasons,and the higher the parity,the more obvious the trend was.The impact on the first parity cow was relatively small.From the analysis of the parity,the first lactation persistence was significantly higher than that of multiple parity cows(P<0.05).In the first parity cow,the 305MY of summer calving was 274.33~490.17 kg lower than that of other calving season cows,while for the delivered cows,it was lower than the other calving seasons by 440.76~930.68 kg.Based on the above analysis results,dairy farms in Beijing should pay more attention to multiple lactation cows and fresh cows to prevent heat stress,while adjust breeding plan to avoid serious loss due to too many cows calving in the summer.

关 键 词：产犊季节 荷斯坦奶牛 泌乳曲线 产奶量 泌乳峰值 泌乳持续力 

分 类 号：S823.91[农业科学—畜牧学]