生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的研究进展  

Biochar effect on soil physical properties:A review

作　　者：董心亮 林启美[2] DONG Xinliang;LIN Qimei(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室,石家庄050022 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2018年第12期1846-1854,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371243)资助~~

摘　　要：生物质炭在农业与环境中的应用已成为近期国内外研究热点,有关生物质炭特性以及生物质炭对土壤化学、生物学性质和作物产量的影响,已经有一些综述,但是生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的相关综述很少。本文对近10年生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响相关的研究成果进行了整理分析。研究结果发现生物质炭可以降低土壤容重,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,增加田间持水量和土壤有效水含量,降低饱和导水率等。生物质炭影响土壤物理性质的主要原因是生物质炭具有较大的比表面积和孔隙度。此外,生物质炭与土壤矿质颗粒结合,并通过对土壤微生物活性和植物生长的影响间接影响土壤物理性质。生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响与多种因素有关,如生物质炭原料、裂解温度、施用量和颗粒大小,土壤质地和处理时间等。关于生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的长期研究很少,且缺乏田间试验。因此,将来的研究应更加倾向于长期田间条件下生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响,并逐渐发现生物质炭的作用机理,为实际的农业生产和生态治理提供科学依据。Biochar is charred biomass produced under limited or no oxygen(O2)supply and at high temperature.Rich in aromatic carbon(C),biochar can persist in soil for hundreds or thousands years.Biochar application in agricultural soils has attracted an intensive global research with extensive reviews of biochar characteristics,effects on soil chemical,biological and physical properties and on crop growth.However,the work on the effect of biochar on soil physical properties is not as detailed as those on soil chemical and biological properties.In this study,relevant publications on the effect of biochar on soil physical properties in recent decades were searched and summarized.The results indicated that biochar application reduced soil bulk density,improved soil aggregate stability,field water holding capacity,soil available water content,and decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity through direct and indirect ways.Biochar has huge specific surface area and porosity,which directly influences soil physical properties such as reducing soil bulk density and increasing water holding capacity and soil available water content.Furthermore,biochar particles combine with soil minerals to change soil structure and create the proper environment for soil microbial and plant root growth,which ultimately affect soil physical properties.Indirectly,the effect of biochar on soil physical properties includes improved soil aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity.The effect of biochar on soil physical properties is related to biochar application rate,feedstock type,pyrolysis temperature,particle size,soil texture and duration in the soil.Generally,the higher the amount of biochar applied,the more significant are the induced changes in soil physical properties(bulk density,water holding capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity).Woody biochar significantly increases saturated hydraulic conductivity,while grass biochar has no effect on saturated hydraulic conductivity.In addition,as the duration after biochar application i

关 键 词：生物质炭 土壤容重 土壤水分 土壤团聚作用 土壤热性质 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]