不同培肥方式对土壤有机碳与微生物群落结构的影响  

Effect of fertilization managements on soil organic carbon and microbial community structure

作　　者：李倩 马琨[2] 冶秀香 杨金娟[1] 牛红霞[1] 马玲[1] LI Qian;MA Kun;YE Xiuxiang;YANG Jinjuan;NIU Hongxia;MA Ling(College of Agronomy,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2018年第12期1866-1875,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：宁夏科技支撑计划园区专项;国家自然科学基金项目(31660132;31160104);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLX2017B05)资助~~

摘　　要：为揭示旱作区耕地土壤有机碳累积规律及其与土壤微生物群落间的相互作用机制,试验采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)指纹图谱及土壤腐殖质形态分组的方法,通过田间定位试验,研究了马铃薯-马铃薯-油用向日葵-马铃薯-油用向日葵轮作模式下,有机、无机肥配施(不施肥、单施化肥、化肥配施牛粪、化肥配施羊粪、化肥配施生物有机肥、化肥配施黄腐酸钾)对土壤有机碳累积、土壤腐殖质形态的影响及其与土壤微生物群落结构间的相互关系。结果表明:在连续培肥5年间,随培肥时间延长,土壤有机碳呈波动性上升趋势。与对照相比,化肥配施牛粪、化肥配施羊粪处理土壤有机碳以年6.61%和8.97%的增长率累积增加,不同处理外源有机碳含量及有机肥种类的差异影响了土壤有机碳的累积速率。化肥配施高量有机肥(化肥+羊粪、化肥+牛粪)处理显著提高了土壤稳结态、松结态腐殖质含量及松结态/紧结态腐殖质的比例,且以PLFA表征的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、原生动物、土壤微生物群落总生物量与对照处理间均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。与对照相比,各施肥处理的革兰氏阳性菌/革兰氏阴性菌(G+/G-)值均呈降低趋势;但不同有机无机相结合的土壤培肥方式对土壤G+/G-的比例没有显著差异。多元分析表明,基于土壤微生物主要类群磷脂脂肪酸含量的排序轴与基于土壤有机碳、腐殖质形态的排序轴之间相关性(P1=0.568,P2=0.611)较好,累积变量在98.69%上揭示不同有机无机培肥措施影响下的土壤微生物群落生物量与环境因子间的相互关系。土壤松结态腐殖质含量与土壤G+/G-比值正相关。外源有机碳的施入促进了土壤紧结态腐殖碳向稳结态、松结态腐殖质转化;较高量外源有机碳施入有助于提升土壤细菌、真菌的生物量。总体而言,土壤微生物群落结构的变化是受有机无机培肥措施所引起的�The Phospholipid Fatty Acids(PLFAs)fingerprint and humus fraction methods were used to determine the accumulation of soil organic carbon in cultivated farmlands and the interaction mechanisms of soil microbial communities with soil organic carbon.The combined effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil organic carbon accumulation,soil humus forms and their relationships with soil microbial community structures were studied in a 5-crop rotation mode ofˉpotato-potato-oil sunflower-potato-oil sunflower-over a period of five years.The experimental treatments were as follows no fertilization,inorganic fertilizer application,combined application of inorganic fertilizer and cow dung,combined application of inorganic fertilizer and sheep manure,combined application of inorganic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer,and then combined application of inorganic fertilizer and fulvic acid potassium.The results showed that soil organic carbon fluctuated with increasing tendency over the five-year period.Compared with the control(no fertilization),soil organic carbon increased at annual average rates of 6.61%and 8.97%under the treatments of combined application chemical fertilizer with cow dung or separately with sheep manure.The rate of accumulation of soil organic carbon was influenced by the amount and type of added exogenous organic matter to the soil.The contents of stable or tightly combined humus and ratio of loosely combined humus to tightly combined humus increased following the addition of high quantities of organic manure(chemical fertilizer plus cow dung or chemical fertilizer plus sheep manure)and inorganic fertilizer.Compared with no fertilization,there were significant differences in soil bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,protozoa and total microbial biomass,marked by phospholipid fatty acids under combined application of inorganic fertilizer and sheep manure or cow dung.The biomass ratio of gram-positive bacteria to gram-negative bacteria(G+/G-)in the treatments with inorganic fertilizer plus

关 键 词：有机无机培肥 土壤有机碳 微生物群落 松结态腐殖质 紧结态腐殖质 磷脂脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S182[农业科学—农业基础科学] S154.3