长期不同施肥红壤磷素特征和流失风险研究  

Effect of long-term fertilization on soil phosphorus characteristics and loss risk of red soil

作　　者：夏文建[1,2] 冀建华 刘佳[1,2] 李祖章 余喜初[2,3] 王萍 李大明[2,3] 刘秀梅 王少先 李瑶[1,2] XIA Wenjian;JI Jianhua;LIU Jia;LI Zuzhang;YU Xichu;WANG Ping;LI Daming;LIU Xiumei;WANG Shaoxian;LI Yao(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming System for Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture,Nanchang 330200,China;National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,Nanchang 330200,China;Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Jinxian 331717,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,南昌330200 [2]国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌330200 [3]江西红壤研究所,进贤331717

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2018年第12期1876-1886,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560582;31560585);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD41B01;2015BAD23B03-01);江西省农业科学院博士启动基金(2011CBS005);江西省协同创新项目(JXXTCX2015003-001)资助~~

摘　　要：为探索长期施肥对红壤磷素吸附固持的影响,分析不同施肥土壤磷流失风险及影响因素。在南方丘陵区红壤上开展了持续25年的长期定位试验,处理包括:不施肥(CK)、施氮肥(N)、施磷肥(P)、施钾肥(K)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK1)、施2倍量氮磷钾肥(NPK2)、单施有机肥(OM)和氮磷钾配施有机肥(MNPK)。研究了不同施肥下土壤全磷、Olsen-P、Mehlich1-P、CaCl2-P含量及磷吸持指数(PSI)、磷饱和度(DPS)的变化,探讨不同施肥处理土壤对磷的吸附和解吸特征,并分析了土壤磷指标与土壤有机碳、pH、CEC之间的关系。结果表明:长期施用化学磷肥有利于补充土壤磷素,特别是土壤全磷,并使Olesn-P和Mehlich 1-P有增加趋势,而对CaCl2-P影响不显著;施用化肥对DPS影响不显著,单施磷会降低PSI,低量氮磷钾提高了PSI,高量氮磷钾处理与对照差异不显著;长期施用有机肥(猪粪)土壤全磷增加,而Olsen-P、Mehlich 1-P和CaCl2-P则大幅累积, PSI显著降低, DPS显著增加。长期施用化肥处理土壤对新添加磷的吸附较强,长期施用有机肥降低了土壤对新添加磷的吸附;土壤全磷、Olsen-P、Mehlich1-P、CaCl2-P、PSI、DPS及最大吸附容量(Qm)与土壤pH、CEC、土壤总有机碳(TSOC)、土壤水溶性有机碳[冷水提取水溶性有机碳(CWSOC)和热水提取水溶性有机碳(HWSOC)]间相关性较高;土壤磷指标和土壤有机碳、pH、CEC指标之间存在典型相关关系,第1对和第2对典型变量的典型相关系数分别为0.997和0.951,达显著水平。研究表明,施用有机肥是调节土壤磷的供给和保持的重要措施,土壤水溶性有机碳和pH可能是反映红壤磷素供应和流失的关键指标。In order to determine the effects of long-term fertilization on soil phosphorus loss risk in red soil,a study on soil phosphorus adsorption and retention and the related driving factors in red soils was conducted.A long-term fertilization experiment was started in 1986 under double corn cropping system in Jingxian County,Jiangxi Province.The treatments included no-fertilizer control(CK),sole chemical nitrogen fertilizer(N),sole chemical phosphorus fertilizer(P),sole chemical potassium fertilizer(K),chemical N,P and K fertilizers(NPK1),double doses of chemical N,P and K fertilizers(NPK2),sole organic manure(OM),and organic manure plus chemical N,P and K fertilizers(MNPK).Soil total phosphorus(TP),available phosphorus(Olsen-P),double acid-extractable phosphorus(Mehlich 1-P),water-soluble phosphorus(CaCl2-P),phosphate sorption index(PSI),and phosphorus saturation degree(DPS)were measured.Isothermal adsorption and desorption characteristics of soil phosphorus were determined and the relationship between soil phosphorus parameters and soil organic carbon,pH and CEC analyzed using simple and canonical correlation analyses.The results showed that long-term application of chemical phosphorus fertilizer supplemented soil phosphorus(especially TP)and increased Olsen-P and Mehlich 1-P,but had no significant effect on CaCl2-P.The effect of chemical fertilizer application on DPS was not significant.Phosphorus fertilizer reduced PSI,NPK1 treatment increased PSI,but NPK2 had no significant difference with CK.Under long-term application of organic manure(pig manure,OM and MNPK),soil TP and DPS increased,then Olsen-P,Mehlich 1-P and CaCl2-P accumulated significantly,but PSI decreased.Results from soil P sorption isotherms simulated using the Langmuir equation produced a coefficient in the range of 0.862–0.989.CK and chemical fertilizer treatments had high maximal phosphorus adsorption(Qm)and phosphorus adsorption affinity constant(k),while under long-term organic manure application(OM and MNPK treatments)Qm and k reduced.The is

关 键 词：红壤 长期施肥 有机肥 土壤磷 吸附解吸特征 典型相关 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]