现象学中的偶然性问题及其思想效应  

The Theme of Contingency in Phenomenology and Its Ideological Effects

作　　者：王俊[1] Wang Jun

机构地区：[1]浙江大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2018年第11期78-86,128,共10页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"当代德国哲学的译介与研究"(编号13&ZD069)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：偶然性问题是由现象学开启的当代哲学关注的核心课题之一,胡塞尔的意识建构和生活世界,海德格尔实际性的此在分析和生存的时机化,梅洛-庞蒂的身体讨论,萨特对于存在、自由和虚无的描述,都直接或间接地蕴含了偶然性话题。在当代哲学中现象学这一的思想线索进一步发展为一种思想效应,它在马尔库塞和阿尔都塞那里呈现为"具体哲学"和"偶然的唯物主义",继而泛化为一种表现为安德尔斯的"随机哲学"或马奎德基于有限怀疑论的偶然性哲学的思想态度,这种态度展现出一种贴近生活、体现实践化维度的倾向。Contingency is one of the key themes in phenomenology.Husserl's construction of consciousness and life-world;Heidegger's analysis of Dasein and timing;Merleau-Ponty's study of the body;Jean-Paul Sartre's description of existence,freedom,and nothingness-all of these directly or indirectly contain the theme of contingency.This thread in phenomenology expands further in contemporary philosophy and becomes a philosophical attitude,which variously manifests as“concrete philosophy”(H.Marcuse),“aleatory materialism”(L.P.Althusser),“the philosophy of opportunities”(G.Anders),and the philosophy of contingency based on limited skepticism(Odo Marquard).This attitude is close to life and has a practical tendency.

关 键 词：现象学 偶然性 生活 实际性 补偿 

分 类 号：B81-06[哲学宗教—逻辑学]