避难层外窗尺寸对自然防烟效果影响的模拟研究  

Numerical study on the impacts of opening size on the smoke prevention effects in refuge floors

作　　者：袁满 李小强 王炯[1] YUAN Man;LI Xiao-qiang;WANG Jiong(Sichuan Fire Research Institute of MPS,Sichuan Chengdu 610036,China;Sichuan Fast Fire Safety performance Evalua.tion Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Chengdu 610036,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部四川消防研究所,四川成都610036 [2]四川法斯特消防安全性能评估有限公司,四川成都610036

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2018年第10期1307-1309,共3页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0800603);公安部技术研究计划项目(2016JSYJC40);公安部四川消防研究所基本科研业务费专项(20168822Z)

摘　　要：针对采用自然防烟方式的避难层,结合超高层建筑使用功能,考虑最不利环境风条件,设计典型火灾场景,利用火灾动力学模拟软件研究外窗面积分别为避难区域面积的2%、5%、10%、20%时取得的自然防烟效果。结果发现,避难层开口增大能够有效增强避难区域的流场强度,促进流入烟气从另一侧开口流出,减少烟气在避难区域聚集的情况。假设下部楼层发生2.5MW火灾,在低风速条件下,避难层外窗面积需不低于10%才能避免烟气在避难层聚集。由此认为,相关技术标准应适当提高自然防烟避难层可开启外窗面积要求,以保证在任何情况下避难区域的对流条件能够保证烟气不会发生大量沉积。Against the refuge floors with natural smoke ventilation,considering the usage of ultra-high building and the most adverse condition of wind,fire scenes were designed and simulated using Fire Dynamic Simulator.The effect of natural smoke ventilation when the area of smoke vent were 2%,5%,10%and 20%of the refuge area was studied.The result showed that enlarging the opening size would reinforce the flow field in the refuge area and promote the smoke outflow procedure from the opening on the other wall to reduce the gathering of smoke in refuge area.Under the simulation conditions that fire on the lower floor was 2.5 MW and low wind velocity,the opening size of smoke vent should be at least 10%of the refuge area in order to extract extra smoke.It can be seen that the existing requirement of the opening size in refuge floor is not large enough to prevent smoke accumulation under any convection condition and should be modified.

关 键 词：超高层建筑 避难层 自然防烟 外窗面积 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]